A Brief Discussion on Digital Twin Industry Application and Standards----The Seventh Lecture of Industrial Software Forum

• Concept and connotation
  • introduction
    • Digital twin: Digital twin is one of the most popular digital technologies in recent years. It has been included in the strategic direction of many technology companies in various countries. There is a huge room for development, and it has become the main channel for technology and market competition in the digital field.
  • Digital twin development history
    • Digital twin technology was first used by NASA in the Apollo program in 1969 to build a twin body of a spacecraft, reflect the working status of the spacecraft in orbit, and assist in the handling of emergency events.
    • In 2003, the concept of digital twins was formally proposed by Professor Grieves of the University of Michigan, emphasizing the characteristics of full life cycle interactive mapping.
    • In 2010, the term "Digital Twin" was formally proposed in NASA's technical report, and was defined as "integrating multi-physical quantities, multi-scale, multi-probability system or aircraft simulation process".
    • Since 2011, digital twin technology has shown application value in various industries, including aerospace, military industry, industry, etc.
    • Since 2017, it has been listed by Gartner as one of the top ten strategic technology development trends for three consecutive years, triggering attention to digital twins. In recent years, it has continued to penetrate into the fields of industry and urban management, and has expanded to vertical industries such as transportation and health care.
  • Digital Twin Definition
    • Standards organization definition
      • A digital twin is a digital representation of a specific physical entity or process with data connections that can guarantee the same rate of convergence between physical and virtual states, and provide an integrated view of the entire life cycle of a physical entity or process, which helps to optimize overall performance.
    • business world definition
      • Siemens
        • Digitalization of products, digitalization of production processes, and digitalization of equipment, digital twins should completely and truly reproduce the entire enterprise.
      • General Electric
        • A software representation of assets and processes to understand, predict, and optimize performance to achieve improved business outcomes. A digital twin consists of three parts: a data model, a set of analyzes or algorithms, and knowledge.
      • PTC
        • The digital twin is a functional body composed of things (equipment and products that generate data), connections (building a network), data management (cloud computing, storage and analysis) and applications. Therefore, it will be deeply involved in the definition and construction of the IoT platform.
    • academia definition
      • University of Michigan
        • A digital model of a physical entity based on sensors can simulate and display specific things in the world
      • Defense Acquisition University
        • Make full use of data such as physical models, sensor updates, and operating history, integrate multi-disciplinary, multi-physical quantities, multi-scale, and multi-probability simulation processes, and complete the mapping in the virtual space to reflect the entire life cycle process of the corresponding physical equipment.
      • Beihang University
        • Digitally create virtual entities of physical entities, and use historical data, real-time data, and algorithm models to simulate, verify, predict, and control the technical means of the entire life cycle process of physical entities
  • Digital Twin Features
    • Virtual Reality Mapping
    • closed loop optimization
    • real-time synchronization
    • Symbiotic evolution
  • Concept Analysis: Digital Twins and Simulation
    • simulation concept
      • Simulation is a model technology that uses simulation hardware and simulation software to reflect system behavior or process through experiments, with the help of certain numerical calculations and problem solving. It is a way to simulate the physical world by converting a model containing deterministic laws and complete mechanisms into software. The purpose of this method is to reflect the characteristics and parameters of the physical world relying on correct models and complete information and environmental data.
    • associate
      • Simulation is the core technology of digital twins and the basis for digital twins to realize data interaction and fusion. Digital twins need to rely on methods including simulation, actual measurement, and data analysis to perceive, diagnose, and predict the state of physical entities, thereby optimizing physical entities and evolving their own digital models.
    • the difference
      • Simulation can only simulate the physical world offline. It is usually only a one-way and static mapping of physical test questions in digital space. It does not carry analysis and optimization functions, and does not have the characteristics of real-time synchronization and closed-loop optimization of digital twins.
  • Concept Analysis: Digital Twin and CPS
    • CPS concept
      • The English abbreviation of cyber physical system (cyber physical system), through the integration of advanced information technology and automatic control technology such as perception, computing, communication and control, constructs elements such as human, machine, object, environment and information in physical space and virtual space A complex system of mutual mapping, timely interaction, and efficient collaboration, realizing on-demand response, rapid iteration, and dynamic optimization of resource allocation and operation within the system
    • associate
      • Highly similar to the digital twin, it is divided into two parts: the real physical world and the virtual digital world from the perspective of function. State Prediction and Decision Guidance for Activities in the Physical World
    • the difference
      • CPS is more of a theoretical framework and does not give an implementation plan. Digital twins focus on technical implementation such as model construction.
      • CPS puts more emphasis on 3C (computation, communication, control) functions, and digital twin pays more attention to the mapping and recording of the digital twin model of the digital world to the physical world, focusing on the mapping ability of the digital world model and the integration of the digital world and the physical world.
  • Concept Analysis: Digital Twin and Digital Thread
    • digital thread concept
      • The digital thread is an extensible communication framework that allows connectable data streams. It provides an integrated view of data between digital twins covering the entire life cycle of physical objects, and transfers and traces these data. By providing access, integration And the ability to transform disparate or disparate data into actionable information to inform decision makers.
    • associate
      • The digital thread is the driver of the digital twin scenario. According to business rules, it establishes connections between digital twins in the scene, schedules the interaction of digital twins, implements dynamic business logic in the scene, and manages the entire life cycle of each digital twin.
    • the difference
      • Digital thread is an important technology to realize the data fusion of multiple types of digital twin models. In the generalized model of digital twins, there are small models that are related to each other. The digital thread can clarify the relationship between these small models and provide digital twins with data access, integration and conversion capabilities throughout the entire life cycle of physical objects. , to achieve comprehensive traceability, information interaction and value chain collaboration.
  • Concept Analysis: Digital Twin and Asset Management Shell AAS
    • Asset Management Shell Concept
      • The essence of the asset management shell is a set of description language and modeling tools based on the German Industry 4.0 system. In this way, each asset of the enterprise, such as equipment and components, can be interconnected and interoperable. With the help of its modeling language, tools and communication protocols, enterprises can have a common interface when composing a production line, that is, realize "plug and play", greatly reduce the time of engineering configuration, and better realize the integration between systems. interoperability
    • associate
      • Since the advent of digital twins and asset management shells, more views are seen as a reflection of the differences in the industrial cultures of the United States and Germany. In fact, compared with the "housekeeper" that plays a role in controlling and supporting the asset management shell, the digital twin is like an "executor", starting from the design, model and data, perceiving and optimizing the physical entity, while promoting sensors, design Update iterations of new technologies such as software and Internet of Things.
    • the difference
      • Germany is currently trying to transform the asset management shell into a basic technology supporting digital twins. Digital twins and AAS represent different concepts of industrial digital transformation in the United States and Germany to a certain extent.
  • Concept Analysis: Digital Twin and Metaverse
    • metaverse concept
      • It can be understood as an artificial virtual space running parallel to the real world, connecting virtual and reality. With a real design and economic environment, it is a 3D virtual world that can connect everyone. Users have their own virtual identities and digital assets in the metaverse, and can interact in the virtual world, engage in production and business activities and create value. . Functionally, Metaverse is a platform for virtual activities, where users can engage in social and spiritual activities such as socializing, entertainment, creation, display, education, and transactions. It can provide users with rich consumption content, fair creation platform, reliable economic system, and immersive interactive experience.
    • associate
      • The duality between the digital twin and the metaverse is the mapping of the metaverse in the field of industrial applications, which can be regarded as the "industrial metaverse". Promote the closed-loop optimization of the entire business process in industrial activities in the digital twin model through real-time IoT data, and continuously correct and improve the physical model through data.
    • the difference
      • The digital twin is the mapping of the metaverse in the industrial field, and its connotation is smaller than that of the metaverse.
• Industry Application Status
  • Digital twin industry map
  • Three parts of the world of digital twin applications
    • Urban Digital Twin
    • Industrial Digital Twin
    • Network Digital Twin
  • Typical Application of IT: Digital Twin City
    • concept
      • Urban digital twin is a technology that uses digital twin technology to digitally create a virtual map of urban physical entities, and uses historical data, real-time data, spatial data, and algorithm models to simulate, predict, interact, and control the entire life cycle process of urban physical entities. It can realize the multi-dimensional mapping and connection of physical entity objects, relationships and activities in urban physical space and social space in digital space.
    • Digital Twin City Technology Architecture
    • Application Scenario Analysis of Digital Twin City
      • Digital Twin of Smart Park Based on City Information Model (CIM)
        • Construction of CIM full-time cloud platform
        • visual interaction
        • Smart Park Application Integration
  • Typical application of OT: industrial digital twin
    • factory level
      • Integrated factory scheduling, real-time monitoring, transparent management, intelligent analysis, and independent decision-making
    • Production line level
      • Production line layout optimization, production process simulation, energy consumption analysis optimization, production scheduling optimization, production collaborative optimization
    • device level
      • Equipment fault diagnosis, predictive maintenance, remote parameter optimization
    • Overall Architecture of Industrial Equipment Digital Twins
      • physical space
        • The main body is the device itself, which realizes state information perception through the sensor system, accesses the virtual-real interaction layer, and has the ability to execute intelligent application decision-making and control instructions of the digital twin system
      • virtual reality interaction
        • Complete the mapping of the dynamic state data acquired by the physical space sensor system to the digital space, including data acquisition, network connection and edge control
      • digital space
        • Twin data: divided into historical state data, real-time state data and twin mechanism model simulation data of industrial equipment
        • Mechanism model: attributes of each level of industrial equipment in physical space and its operating environment,
        • Modeled expression of compositional relationship and operating mechanism, constructed by modeling tools Simulation/analysis/decision-making algorithm: encapsulate and organize common algorithms, including data algorithm library, model algorithm library, application algorithm library, etc.
      • smart application
        • Comprehensive mechanism model, twin data, simulation/analysis/decision-making algorithm, build specific applications for different life cycles of industrial equipment, and realize the intelligent function of equipment
    • Scene Analysis of Industrial Equipment Digital Twins
      • Collision interference detection of machine tool processing based on digital twin
        • Device twin build
        • Real-time monitoring of machine tool status
        • Collision Prediction Alarm
    • The core value of industrial equipment digital twin
      • The digital twin system of industrial equipment runs through the entire life cycle of industrial equipment such as design, manufacturing, commissioning, operation, maintenance, recycling, and marketing
  • Typical application of CT: network digital twin
    • concept
      • A simulated end-to-end software replica of a physical network that runs in parallel to enable continuous assessment, prediction, and advice, providing an efficient and forward-looking model of the actual operating network and its associated services , verification and assurance.
    • Overall architecture
      • Physical network layer: physical network, including network equipment and facilities, geographical environment information of network services, complete networking information, etc.
      • Data layer: used for reporting information on the physical network layer and issuing policy instructions generated by the network twin layer, etc., and is also responsible for data collection, data cleaning, data aggregation, data processing and storage capabilities
      • Twin layer: including the construction of a single network element model and the construction of network service scenarios, using digital thread technology to drive scenario operation and enable network lifecycle management.
      • Application layer: Verify problems encountered in various stages of the life cycle such as network planning, deployment, optimization, and maintenance, and realize network evolution prediction
    • Network Digital Twin Application Scenario Analysis
      • Network guarantee for key areas of venues based on digital twins
        • Network Twin Construction
        • Visual presentation of network node links
        • Network Operation Trend Forecast
    • Key Technologies of Network Digital Twins
      • Network Digital Twin Modeling
      • digital thread
      • visualization
    • The core value of network digital twin
      • Business life cycle management
      • Immersive Management Experience
      • Cyber ​​Risk and Cost Reduction
      • Network real-time closed-loop control
• Standardization progress
  • Digital Twin International Standards Organization at a Glance
    • International Standardization Organization ISO, International Electrotechnical Commission IEC, ITU Telecommunication Standardization Department ITU-T, International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE and other major international standardization organizations promote the establishment of digital twin technical committees and working groups to carry out digital twin standardization research
  • ISO/IEC JTC1 digital twin standard system
    • China takes the lead in layout and masters the right to speak in international standards for digital twins
  • Progress in International Standards
  • Key International Standard—ISO/IEC 30173 Digital Twin Concept and Terminology
  • Progress of domestic standards
  • Key National Standards - Digital Twin Part 1: General Requirements
• Summary and Outlook
  • Digital twin is an important enabling technology for industrial digital transformation
    • As an important enabling technology for the development of the digital economy, the digital twin has continuously developed its technology system in recent years, its core technology has evolved rapidly, its industrial ecology has continued to be complete, and its industry applications have become more practical. An important starting point for transformation
  • The application of digital twin "IT+OT+CT" faces many challenges
    • Urban digital twins have gradually moved from concept cultivation to construction and implementation. Various supporting technologies are becoming more and more mature, but they still face problems and challenges such as insufficient software supply chain security, insufficient data support, insufficient application depth, and insufficient industrial linkage.
    • Industrial digital twins face many challenges in technology, standards, mechanisms, and security, including technical shortcomings such as mechanism modeling and simulation analysis, lack of standards such as twin data dictionaries, evaluation and acceptance, and unclear multi-party collaboration mechanisms and business models. Potential safety hazards such as networks limit the development of industrial digital twins
    • Network digital twins urgently need to evolve towards customized industry network full-lifecycle management. Based on digital twin technology, an industry network management capability system is built from the dimensions of "planning, construction, operation and maintenance, and optimization" to provide low-cost solutions centered on customer service and business assurance. Cost trial and error, high-quality operation and maintenance, and intelligent auxiliary decision-making capabilities.
  • The lack of digital twin standards is about to usher in a large-scale outbreak period
    • Major international and domestic standardization organizations have started the research and formulation of digital twin standards, and my country has taken the lead in international standards
    • The standardization of digital twins is still in its infancy, and the development of basic common standards such as digital twin terminology and general architecture has been launched simultaneously at home and abroad. On this basis, further standardize and unify the core elements of digital twins such as information models, data integration, and platforms, and vertical industry application models, and strive to form a standard system covering the basic commonality, key technologies and industry applications of digital twins.