Table of contents
1. Bubble sort:
Compare adjacent elements. If the first is bigger than the second, swap them both. The last element will be the largest number.
public class BubbleSort implements IArraySort {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
// 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
// 设定一个标记，若为true，则表示此次循环没有进行交换，也就是待排序列已经有序，排序已经完成。
boolean flag = true;
for (int j = 0; j < arr.length - i; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
int tmp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = tmp;
flag = false;
}
}
if (flag) {
break;
}
}
return arr;
}
}2. Selection sort
First find the smallest (largest) element in the unsorted sequence and store it at the beginning of the sorted sequence.
Then continue to find the smallest (largest) element from the remaining unsorted elements, and then put it at the end of the sorted sequence.
public class SelectionSort implements IArraySort {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
// 总共要经过 N-1 轮比较
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
int min = i;
// 每轮需要比较的次数 N-i
for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
if (arr[j] < arr[min]) {
// 记录目前能找到的最小值元素的下标
min = j;
}
}
// 将找到的最小值和i位置所在的值进行交换
if (i != min) {
int tmp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[min];
arr[min] = tmp;
}
}
return arr;
}
}3. Insertion sort
Treat the first element of the first sequence to be sorted as an ordered sequence, and treat the second element to the last element as an unsorted sequence. Scan the unsorted sequence sequentially from beginning to end, and insert each scanned element into the appropriate position of the sorted sequence
public class InsertSort implements IArraySort {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
// 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
// 从下标为1的元素开始选择合适的位置插入，因为下标为0的只有一个元素，默认是有序的
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
// 记录要插入的数据
int tmp = arr[i];
// 从已经排序的序列最右边的开始比较，找到比其小的数
int j = i;
while (j > 0 && tmp < arr[j - 1]) {
arr[j] = arr[j - 1];
j--;
}
// 存在比其小的数，插入
if (j != i) {
arr[j] = tmp;
}
}
return arr;
}
}4. Merge sort
Merge sort is to sort the left half of the array first, then sort the right half of the array, and then merge the two halves of the array
The divide and conquer strategy is actually the post-order traversal of the binary tree
- Top-down recursion (all recursive methods can be rewritten with iteration, so there is a second method);
- bottom-up iteration
public class MergeSort implements IArraySort {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
// 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
if (arr.length < 2) {
return arr;
}
int middle = (int) Math.floor(arr.length / 2);
int[] left = Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, 0, middle);
int[] right = Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, middle, arr.length);
return merge(sort(left), sort(right));
}
protected int[] merge(int[] left, int[] right) {
int[] result = new int[left.length + right.length];
int i = 0;
while (left.length > 0 && right.length > 0) {
if (left[0] <= right[0]) {
result[i++] = left[0];
left = Arrays.copyOfRange(left, 1, left.length);
} else {
result[i++] = right[0];
right = Arrays.copyOfRange(right, 1, right.length);
}
}
while (left.length > 0) {
result[i++] = left[0];
left = Arrays.copyOfRange(left, 1, left.length);
}
while (right.length > 0) {
result[i++] = right[0];
right = Arrays.copyOfRange(right, 1, right.length);
}
return result;
}
}5. Quick Sort
Quicksort uses a divide and conquer strategy to divide a list into two sub-lists.
Quick sort is another typical application of the idea of divide and conquer in sorting algorithms. In essence, quick sort should be regarded as a recursive divide and conquer method based on bubble sort.
-
Pick an element from the sequence, called "pivot" (pivot);
-
Reorder the sequence, all elements smaller than the reference value are placed in front of the reference value, and all elements larger than the reference value are placed behind the reference value (the same number can go to either side). After this partition exits, the benchmark is in the middle of the sequence. This is called a partition operation;
-
Recursively sort the sub-arrays of elements smaller than the reference value and the sub-arrays of elements greater than the reference value;
public class QuickSort implements IArraySort {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
// 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
return quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
}
private int[] quickSort(int[] arr, int left, int right) {
if (left < right) {
int partitionIndex = partition(arr, left, right);
quickSort(arr, left, partitionIndex - 1);
quickSort(arr, partitionIndex + 1, right);
}
return arr;
}
private int partition(int[] arr, int left, int right) {
// 设定基准值（pivot）
int pivot = left;
int index = pivot + 1;
for (int i = index; i <= right; i++) {
if (arr[i] < arr[pivot]) {
swap(arr, i, index);
index++;
}
}
swap(arr, pivot, index - 1);
return index - 1;
}
private void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}6. Heap sort
Heapsort (Heapsort) refers to a sorting algorithm designed using the data structure of the heap. Stacking is a structure that approximates a complete binary tree, and at the same time satisfies the nature of stacking: that is, the key value or index of a child node is always smaller (or larger) than its parent node. Heap sort can be said to be a selection sort that uses the concept of heap to sort. Divided into two methods:
- Large top heap: the value of each node is greater than or equal to the value of its child nodes, used in ascending order in the heap sorting algorithm;
- Small top heap: the value of each node is less than or equal to the value of its child nodes, used in descending order in the heap sort algorithm;
The average time complexity of heap sort is O(nlogn).
-
Create a heap H[0...n-1];
-
Swap the heap head (maximum value) and heap tail;
-
Reduce the size of the heap by 1, and call shift_down(0), the purpose is to adjust the top data of the new array to the corresponding position;
-
Repeat step 2 until the size of the heap is 1.
public class HeapSort implements IArraySort {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
// 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);
int len = arr.length;
buildMaxHeap(arr, len);
for (int i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
swap(arr, 0, i);
len--;
heapify(arr, 0, len);
}
return arr;
}
private void buildMaxHeap(int[] arr, int len) {
for (int i = (int) Math.floor(len / 2); i >= 0; i--) {
heapify(arr, i, len);
}
}
private void heapify(int[] arr, int i, int len) {
int left = 2 * i + 1;
int right = 2 * i + 2;
int largest = i;
if (left < len && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
largest = left;
}
if (right < len && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
largest = right;
}
if (largest != i) {
swap(arr, i, largest);
heapify(arr, largest, len);
}
}
private void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
Reference: 1.0 Top Ten Classic Sorting Algorithms| Novice Tutorial