Ubuntu22.04 installation, configuration, beautification, software installation, configuration development environment
1. Ubuntu, Windows11 (10) dual system installation
Because there are a lot of online tutorials on ubuntu installation, so I won’t go into details here. It is recommended to use the tutorial of the up master of Xiaopozhan: Windows and Ubuntu dual system from installation to uninstall_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
2. Configuration after installation
1. Replace the image source
(1) Open Software and Update
(2) Select " Other " in " Download from " , select the mirror source of USTC (you can also choose Ali source , Tsinghua source, here is the source of USTC as an example), click " Select Server ",
(3) After entering the password, click " Close " in the lower right corner
(3) Click " Reload " in the pop-up box and wait for the loading to complete
2. System update and language support
(1) Open " Software Updater "
(2) Click " Install Now "
(3) After the update is complete, select " Restart Now "
(4) Turn on language support
(5) In the pop-up box, select Install , wait for the installation to complete, log off or restart the computer
3. Set dual system time synchronization
(1) Open the terminal and download the time synchronization software: sudo apt install ntpdate
(2) Use the downloaded software to synchronize time: sudo ntpdate time.windows.com
Only when the prompt marked in red in the figure appears, the synchronization is successful. If it is not successful, repeat the above code.
(3) Modify the ubuntu time synchronization mechanism to synchronize from the motherboard: sudo hwclock --localtime --systohc
4. Install graphics driver
(1) Open " Additional Drivers "
(2) Choose a closed-source driver. When this article was published, the latest driver was the 515 driver , but I do not recommend using the 515 driver or the 470 driver . I don’t know why the white page turns slightly yellowish after I installed the 515 driver . The installation of the 470 driver is troublesome; therefore, the 510 driver is recommended here . (Supplement from December 22: This article was first written in July 22, but the graduation project was delayed later. In December, the graphics card was already 525. My physical machine installed 22.04 is good, but 22.04 .1 I have tried several versions of the graphics card driver, and the screen freezes when the application is minimized. It may be due to my computer. Later, I switched to kubuntu, so you can install the 525 driver and try it. If there is a problem, change to a new version. ok)
(3) Verify that the driver is installed successfully
5. System Tuning
Because ubuntu's system optimization is already quite good, so here we only do one optimization, that is, the optimization of the swap space. By default, ubuntu writes data to the swap space when the memory usage reaches 40%, which will greatly reduce the computer's performance. For operating efficiency, we change it to 10%** and then write data to the swap space
(1) Open the terminal, enter the command, and press Enter to open the configuration file: sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
(2) Add in the last line of the configuration file : vm.swappiness=10
(3) Save the configuration file: After clicking " Save " in the upper right corner, close the window and restart the computer
(4) Verify, enter in the terminal: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness , if the output is 10, the modification is successful
Three, landscaping
1. Preparation before landscaping
Enter the following commands in the terminal in turn (enter one and press Enter and wait for execution, it should not be taught!!!):
(1) Update system: sudo apt update
(2) Download and update software: sudo apt upgrade
(3) Download the gnome management software: sudo apt install gnome-tweaks chrome-gnome-shell
(4) Download extension management software: sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions
Notice:
Before starting to beautify, I need to spread some knowledge to everyone. The Firefox used by ubuntu22.04 is packaged by snap, not native Firefox. Firefox in 22.04 cannot install extensions. I don’t know why. It may be a bug, but 22.04 Previous versions are native. Here's how to fix it:
Method: Replace with native Firefox
(1) Download the installation package from the Firefox website :
(2) Open the file manager , enter the download , select the Firefox installation package, and right-click to extract it here
(3) Open the terminal and execute the following commands in sequence
1) Enter the extracted directory, right click and open in the terminal:
2) Command: sudo mv firefox /opt
3)One: sudo ln -s /opt/firefox/firefox /usr/local/bin/firefox
4) Instruction: sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mozilla/sumo-kb/main/install-firefox-linux/firefox.desktop -P /usr/local/share/applications
Note: This step may report an error, as shown in the figure, or it may be smooth sailing
Solution:
1) Open the website: ip query to check ip website ip query is the same as ip website query iP reverse domain name query iP query domain name is the same as ip domain name , enter raw.githubusercontent.com and query, copy the first one
2) Open the terminal and enter the command: sudo gedit /etc/hosts
3) Fill in the copied URL and domain name in the opened page
5) Uninstall Firefox that comes with ubuntu: sudo snap remove firefox
6) Start our installed Firefox:
2. Extension installation
Extension official website: GNOME Shell Extensions
(1) Whether it is Firefox or Google Chrome, after entering the extension official website, click the button shown in the red box below to add the extension to the browser
(2) Refresh the page , if the following page appears, the installation is successful
(3) Let me take one of the plugins as an example ( this expansion is required ) to demonstrate the installation process for you
1) After entering the plug-in details page , click the red frame button in the upper right corner
2) Select Install in the pop-up box that appears
3) Refresh the page , and the page shown in the figure appears, then the plug-in is installed successfully
Ps: There are many excellent plug-ins on this website. Here are some plug-ins I recommend for you. You can install them according to the above steps. Among these plugins, only User Themes is required, the others can be installed or not
1. Applications Menu - GNOME Shell Extensions -------Show applications in the upper left corner
2. Compiz alike magic lamp effect - GNOME Shell Extensions ------ window minimize magic effect
3. Removable Drive Menu - GNOME Shell Extensions ----- When the device is linked, it will be displayed on the top bar
4. TopIconsFix - GNOME Shell Extensions ------ optimize the win program to run
5. User Themes - GNOME Shell Extensions ------- use user shell
6. Net speed Simplified - GNOME Shell Extensions -------Display network speed
8. Coverflow Alt-Tab - GNOME Shell Extensions --------Change the Alt-Tab window style
3. Start to beautify
I have provided several installation packages, and you can use the installation packages I provided. At the end of the article, if you use the installation packages I provided, you need to skip to the software installation section below and install Baidu Netdisk first.
If you want to use what you like, you can go to the official website to download it yourself. Remember: it is best to find the one with the github address and download it directly from GitHub. Do not download it from this website, because it cannot be downloaded at all. Official website address: Linux/Unix Desktops - pling.com
Let me introduce this website to you:
(2) The red frame is the resources we can download. You can also click the github address in the upper left corner to download the installation package from github (this method is recommended)
Note: Different themes have different installation methods. You can check the installation precautions in the product section or the github details page
4. Beautify - Theme
(1) Official website address: WhiteSur Gtk Theme - pling.com
(2) github address: https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-gtk-theme
(3) Baidu network disk address: at the end of the article
(4) Installation:
1) Select the main directory in the file manager , and select Show Hidden Files in the three horizontal lines in the upper right corner
2) Create two new folders on this page, namely .themes and .icons
3) After decompressing WhiteSur-gtk-theme-master , cut it into the .themes folder
4) Enter WhiteSur-gtk-theme-master, right click and open in the terminal
5) Execute the command in the terminal: ./install.sh -t all
6) Continue to execute the command: sudo ./tweaks.sh -g
7) Beautify firefox**,** this step can be selected according to your own preferences, you can do it or not. Steps to proceed with the command:
**./tweaks.sh -f monterey, **The picture below is a comparison before and after beautification, you can choose by yourself:
5. Beautify-Icon
(1) Official website address: WhiteSur icon theme - pling.com
(2) github address: https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-icon-theme
(3) Baidu network disk address: at the end of the article
(4) Installation:
1) After decompressing WhiteSur-icon-theme-master , cut it into the .icons folder
2) Enter WhiteSur-icon-theme, right click and open in the terminal
3) Execute the command in the terminal: ./install.sh
6. Beautification - Cursor
(1) Official website address: McMojave cursors-pling.com
(2) github address: https://github.com/vinceliuice/McMojave-cursors
(3) Baidu network disk address: at the end of the article
(4) installation;
1) After decompressing McMojave-cursors , cut it into the .icons folder
2) Enter McMojave-cursors, right click to open in the terminal
3) Execute the command in the terminal: sudo ./install.sh
4) Continue to execute the command: ./build.sh
This process will last for a while, just wait for it to complete
7. Configuration
(1) Turn on optimization
(2) Select the appearance option, the various configurations are as shown in the figure, or you can choose your favorite , not only white, but also black waiting
(3) Select the window option to open the centered display new window
(4) Select the window title bar option, the placement can be left or right
(5) Configuration in the settings, open the settings , select the appearance , turn off the display of personal folders
(6) Open the extension official website and add the following plug-ins
(7) Open the extension
(8) close the ubuntu dock
(9) configure dash to dock
(10) The configuration is as follows, or it can be configured according to your own preferences
9. Beautification - dual system startup interface
(1) Official website address: Poly light - pling.com
（2）github地址：GitHub - shvchk/poly-light: Poly light GRUB theme
(3) Baidu network disk address: at the end of the article
(4) installation;
1) After decompressing poly-light-master , cut it to the folder you want to store
2) Enter poly-light-master, right click and open in the terminal
3) Execute the command in the terminal: ./install.sh
4. Commonly used software installation
1. Install Sogou input method
(1) Download the deb package from the official website of Sogou Input Method for Linux , and cut the deb package to the folder you want to store.
(2) Open the terminal and execute the following commands in sequence
1) Download the fcitx input method framework: sudo apt install fcitx
2) Turn on language support
3) Change the keyboard input method system to Fcitx4 , then click Apply to the entire system , and enter the password
4) Execute the command in the terminal to add Fcitx4 to start automatically after booting :
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/
5) Open the terminal , enter the command, and uninstall the ibus input method that comes with the system (this input method is difficult to use):
sudo apt clear ibus
6) Go to the folder where the Sogou input method deb package is stored , right click and open in the terminal
7) Execute the command in the terminal : sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_4.0.1.2800_x86_64.deb
8) Continue to install dependencies and execute the command in the terminal :
sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2
sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1
9) Restart the computer, click the input method button in the upper right corner, and bring up the input method configuration
10) Adjust the Sogou input method to the first place, ctrl + space to switch the input method
2. Install the Spark App Store , we can install many software from here
(1) Go to the official website to download the installation package
(2) It should be noted that the version before 22.04 needs to download the dependency package and the software body , and the version 22.04 can download the software body
(3) The versions are different, please read the installation instructions carefully . For version 22.04 , click to start downloading directly. For version 20.04, you need to install dependencies
(4) Cut the installation package to the folder you want to store , right click to open the terminal
(5) Execute the command to complete the installation: sudo apt install ./spark-store_3.1.2_amd64.deb
3. Install WeChat
(1) Open the Spark app store and find the Linux version of WeChat. This version of WeChat is a Linux version and does not need to use the win environment. As shown in the figure below, it is recommended to use this version
(2) The win version of WeChat, this version needs to use the win environment, the startup is slow , but the function is complete and the use is consistent with the windows version
4. Install QQ
Good news, great news, the linux version of QQ, which has been dead for many years, has recently been updated, and internal testing has begun. I only learned about it in December, and the content of this part has been modified. If you have no necessary demand for QQ, it is not recommended to install any version of QQ for the time being, and choose to install after public testing or software goes online. If necessary, you can install TIM to replace it. This TIM is for win and has some bugs.
5. Install music software
both are fine
6. Install Tencent Conference
7. Install wps
Install missing fonts for wps
8. Install Baidu Netdisk
Five.java development environment configuration
1. Install jdk1.8
(1) Enter the command to install in the terminal : sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
(2) Verification: Enter the command java -version and **javac -version, if the ** output is as shown, the installation is successful
2. Install idea
(1) Download your favorite version from IDEA official website
(2) Unzip the downloaded installation package, enter the bin directory, right click and open in the terminal
(3) Enter the command to start: ./idea.sh
(4) Create an empty project , click the search button in the upper right corner, search for create desktop , and create a desktop shortcut
3. Configure the vue development environment
(1) Update system
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade(2) Installation dependencies
sudo apt install curl gnupg2 gnupg git wget -y(3) pull node.js
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_lts.x | sudo bash -(4) Update the system
sudo apt update(5) Install node.js
sudo apt install nodejs(6) Verify that the node.js installation is successful
node --version
(7) Update NPM to the latest version
sudo npm install npm@latest -g(8) Verify the installation of npm
npm -v
(9) Install vue.js
sudo npm install -g @vue/cli(10) Verify the installation of vue
vue --version
4. Install MySQL
- Download MySQL5.7.32 Ubuntu version from the official website MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)
- Install:
dpkg --list|grep mysql将下载的安装包剪切到你自己的安装目录，右键解压sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgradesudo apt-get install libaio1sudo apt-get install libtinfo5sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient20_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i libmysqld-dev_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo apt-get -f installsudo apt-get -f install libmecab2sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.32-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.debmysql -u root -p5. Configure MySQL
- Configure MySQL:
sudo mysql_secure_installation
- Follow the prompts, and the picture at the end will show that the installation is successful:
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords...Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N (选择N，不进行密码的强度校验)Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :N（选N，不修改root密码）###By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them...Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除匿名用户)###Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from，'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network...Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (选择y，不允许root远程连接)###By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access...Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除test数据库)###Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (选择Y，修改权限立即生效)#检查MySQL状态systemctl status mysql.service
- Configure MySQL character set
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';sudo gedit /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnfno-auto-rehashdefault-character-set=utf8sudo gedit /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnfcharacter-set-server=utf8service mysql restart
- Verify that the configuration is successful:
log in to mysql
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; -----View mysql character set
As shown in the figure, the configuration is successful:
6. Install Navicat16
- Enter the website (thanks to the great god who provided the website): Navicat For Linux - rainerosion (rainss.cc) , follow the operation steps provided by the website to operate by yourself, and download the software version 16.
- Cut the installation package to your installation directory, execute the following command, and run the program
sudo apt install libfuse2chmod +x Navicat_Premium_16_cs-x86_64.AppImage./Navicat_Premium_16_cs-x86_64.AppImage
Baidu network disk resource sharing address: https://pan.baidu.com/s/12h0Cug-qnvaOYXKt_EfVGw
Extraction code: cfyl