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Abstract]
The systematic development of informatization is the continuous subdivision of IT technology, which complement each other and continuously improve the level of science and technology. Generally speaking, the most basic aspects are nothing more than the following aspects: (This article is mainly for personal understanding of related technologies, for reference only)
Internet of Things: the basis of big data, collecting data on people, things, things and interactions between them;
Big data: applications based on the Internet of Things, the foundation of artificial intelligence;
cloud computing: computing, storage, communication tools, Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence must rely on cloud computing's distributed processing, distributed database and cloud storage, virtualization Technology can form industry-level applications;
artificial intelligence: the most ideal application of big data, feeding back the Internet of Things.
The first section of the Internet of Things
(The Internet of Things) concept was proposed in 1999, and its definition is very simple: to connect all items to the Internet through radio frequency identification and other information sensing devices to achieve intelligent identification and management . The Internet of Things is called the third wave of the development of the world's information industry after computers and the Internet through the integration of intelligent perception, identification technology, pervasive computing, and ubiquitous networks. The Internet of Things is regarded as the application expansion of the Internet, application innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of Things, and innovation 2.0 with user experience as the core is the soul of the development of the Internet of Things.
A 2005 report by the International Telecommunication Union once described the picture of the "Internet of Things" era: when the driver makes an operation error, the car will automatically alarm; the briefcase will remind the owner of what he forgot; requirements and so on. The Internet of Things makes full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life, specifically, it embeds and equips sensors into power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc. Then integrate the "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to realize the integration of human society and physical systems. In this integrated network, there is a super-powerful central computer group that can integrate the personnel in the network. , machines, equipment and infrastructure to implement real-time management and control, on this basis, human beings can manage production and life in a more refined and dynamic way, achieve a "smart" state, improve resource utilization and productivity, and improve the relationship between people and relationship between nature.
There is no doubt that if the era of "Internet of Things" comes, people's daily life will undergo earth-shaking changes. However, leaving aside any privacy and radiation issues, it is not realistic to put all items with identification chips. People are moving towards the era of "Internet of Things", but this process may take a long, long time.
Section 2 Big Data
Big data is the comprehensive result of the development of the Internet of Things, Web systems, and information systems, among which the Internet of Things has the greatest impact, so big data can also be said to be the inevitable result of the development of the Internet of Things. Big data-related technologies closely revolve around data, including data collection, collation, transmission, storage, security, analysis, presentation, and application. At present, the value of big data is mainly reflected in analysis and application, such as big data scene analysis.
Big data, or huge amount of data, refers to the amount of data involved that is so large that it cannot be extracted, managed, processed, and organized within a reasonable period of time through current mainstream software tools to help enterprises make more positive business decisions. . In "The Era of Big Data" written by Victor Meyer-Schönberger and Kenneth Cukeye, big data refers to the use of all data for analysis and processing without the shortcut of random analysis (sampling survey). The strategic significance of big data technology lies not in mastering huge data information, but in professional processing of these meaningful data. In other words, if big data is compared to an industry, the key to achieving profitability in this industry lies in improving the "processing capability" of data and realizing the "value-added" of data through "processing".
The concept of "big data" is far more than a large amount of data and technologies for processing large amounts of data, or simple concepts such as the so-called "4 Vs", but covers what people can do on the basis of large-scale data, and These things are impossible to achieve based on small-scale data. In other words, big data allows us to analyze massive amounts of data in an unprecedented way to obtain products and services of great value, or profound insights, and ultimately form the power of change.
Section 3 Cloud Computing
Cloud computing (cloud computing, translated as cloud computing in Taiwan) is a kind of distributed computing technology. Its most basic concept is to automatically split a huge computing process into countless smaller ones through the network. The subroutines are handed over to a huge system composed of multiple servers, and after searching, calculation and analysis, the processing results are sent back to the user. Through this technology, network service providers can process tens of millions or even billions of information in a few seconds, and achieve network services with the same powerful performance as "supercomputers".
Cloud computing is a resource delivery and usage model, which refers to obtaining the resources (hardware, platform, software) required by applications through the network. The network that provides resources is called a "cloud". The resources in the "cloud" can be infinitely expanded from the user's point of view, and can be obtained at any time. This feature is often compared to using hardware resources like water and electricity, which can be purchased and used on demand.
The simplest cloud computing technology can be seen everywhere in network services, such as search engines, web mailboxes, etc. Users only need to input simple commands to get a lot of information.
In the future, mobile devices such as mobile phones and GPS can develop more application services through cloud computing technology. Further cloud computing is not only for data search and analysis functions, but also for calculations such as analyzing DNA structure, sequencing gene maps, and analyzing cancer cells. The earlier large-scale distributed computing technology is the origin of the concept of "cloud computing", which mainly provides resources such as network, computing power, and storage.
Section 4 Artificial Intelligence Artificial
intelligence is a typical interdisciplinary subject. The research content focuses on six major directions, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, automatic reasoning, and knowledge representation. At present, the application scope of machine learning is still relatively wide Yes, such as autonomous driving, smart medical care and other fields have a wide range of applications. The core of artificial intelligence lies in "thinking" and "decision-making". How to carry out reasonable thinking and reasonable actions is the mainstream direction of artificial intelligence research.
Artificial intelligence is currently receiving more and more attention in the computer field. And it is applied in robots, economic and political decision-making, control systems, and simulation systems.
Artificial intelligence relies on algorithms to digest big data. From this point of view, algorithms are the stomach and digestive system of artificial intelligence. Algorithms are responsible for reading and digesting big data and also producing results. Therefore, the core of artificial intelligence is big data, and algorithms are the key. People generally collect big data through integrators, sensors, and the Internet of Things. From the literal meaning of big data, the data is relatively large, and it is generally possible to use a computer. Therefore, according to the above conclusions of big data, artificial intelligence and robots are interrelated and independent.
The fifth section summarizes
that although big data and artificial intelligence have different concerns, they are closely related. On the one hand, artificial intelligence needs a large amount of data as the basis for "thinking" and "decision-making", and on the other hand, big data also requires artificial intelligence. Intelligent technology performs data value-based operations, such as machine learning, which is a common way of data analysis. Among the two main manifestations of the value of big data, one of the main channels for data application is the agent (artificial intelligence product). The larger the amount of data provided to the agent, the better the operation effect of the agent will be, because A large amount of data is usually required for "training" and "verification", so as to ensure the reliability and stability of the operation.
At present, big data-related technologies have matured, and relevant theoretical systems have been gradually improved. However, artificial intelligence is still in the early stages of industry development, and the theoretical system still has huge room for development. From the perspective of learning, if it is a good choice to start learning from big data, it will be relatively easy to transition from big data to artificial intelligence. Generally speaking, there is no question of which is better between the two technologies, and there is a lot of room for development.
The Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, as the four major sectors of today's informatization, have an essential connection between them, and have the characteristics and trends of integration. From the perspective of a generalized human intelligence simulated entity, they are a whole: the Internet of Things is the five senses (eyes, ears, nose and touch) of this entity; and big data is the collection and storage of these tactile information ( central nervous system); artificial intelligence will be the brain that controls this entity in the future; cloud computing can be seen as the processing and application of big data under the command of the brain (heart).