[Nginx Basics] Basic configuration analysis and application scenarios of nginx

Table of contents

1. Minimum configuration

Two, virtual host

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1. Minimum configuration

original configuration file

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

Minimal version with comments removed

worker_processes  1;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;


    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;


        location / {

            root   html;
            index  index.html;
        }


        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

    }
}

worker_processes

worker_processes 1 ; the default is 1 , which means to open a business process

worker_connections

worker_connections 1024 ; the number of connections a single business process can accept

include mime.types;

include mime.types ; import http mime types

default_type application/octet-stream;

default_type application/octet - stream ; If the mime type does not match, it will be transmitted by binary stream by default.

sendfifile on;

sendfile on ; use linux 's sendfile (socket, file, len) for efficient network transmission, that is, 0 copy of data.

Sendfifile is not enabled . At this time, after nginx copies the requested resources from the disk, it still needs to go through multiple copies to the network interface cache.

 After it is turned on, only one signal is needed, read once

 keepalive_timeout 65;  The connection keeps the heartbeat time, which is divided into the client and the proxy side, which will be introduced later

server, a server can represent a host, so configuring multiple servers can have a polymorphic virtual host (vhost)

 Virtual host configuration

server {
    listen 80; 监听端口号
    server_name localhost; 主机名
    location / { 匹配路径
        root html; 文件根目录
        index index.html index.htm; 默认页名称
    }
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 报错编码对应页面
    location = /50x.html {
        root html;
    }
}

Two, virtual host

Originally, a server can only correspond to one site, but through virtual host technology, it can be virtualized into multiple sites to provide external services at the same time

servername matching rules

What we need to pay attention to is that servername is matched in order of priority, and it will not continue to match if it is written on the previous match.

complete match

We can match multiple domain names in the same servername

server_name vod.mmban.com www1.mmban.com;

wildcard match

server_name *.mmban.com

wildcard end match

server_name vod.*;

regular match

server_name ~^[0-9]+\.mmban\.com$;