1. Install nvm
Because the nvm installation script can only be downloaded when using a ladder, if you don’t have a ladder, you can use the following solution: create a new install.sh file anywhere on the target server, and the file content is as follows
#!/usr/bin/env bash
{
# this ensures the entire script is downloaded #
nvm_has() {
type "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
}
nvm_default_install_dir() {
[ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${
HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm"
}
nvm_install_dir() {
if [ -n "$NVM_DIR" ]; then
printf %s "${NVM_DIR}"
else
nvm_default_install_dir
fi
}
nvm_latest_version() {
echo "v0.37.2"
}
nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh() {
local TEST_PROFILE
TEST_PROFILE="${1-}"
case "${TEST_PROFILE-}" in
*"/.bashrc" | *"/.bash_profile" | *"/.zshrc")
return
;;
*)
return 1
;;
esac
}
#
# Outputs the location to NVM depending on:
# * The availability of $NVM_SOURCE
# * The method used ("script" or "git" in the script, defaults to "git")
# NVM_SOURCE always takes precedence unless the method is "script-nvm-exec"
#
nvm_source() {
local NVM_METHOD
NVM_METHOD="$1"
local NVM_SOURCE_URL
NVM_SOURCE_URL="$NVM_SOURCE"
if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-exec" ]; then
NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/$(nvm_latest_version)/nvm-exec"
elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-bash-completion" ]; then
NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/$(nvm_latest_version)/bash_completion"
elif [ -z "$NVM_SOURCE_URL" ]; then
if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script" ]; then
NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/$(nvm_latest_version)/nvm.sh"
elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_git" ] || [ -z "$NVM_METHOD" ]; then
NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm.git"
else
echo >&2 "Unexpected value \"$NVM_METHOD\" for \$NVM_METHOD"
return 1
fi
fi
echo "$NVM_SOURCE_URL"
}
#
# Node.js version to install
#
nvm_node_version() {
echo "$NODE_VERSION"
}
nvm_download() {
if nvm_has "curl"; then
curl --compressed -q "$@"
elif nvm_has "wget"; then
# Emulate curl with wget
ARGS=$(echo "$*" | command sed -e 's/--progress-bar /--progress=bar /' \
-e 's/-L //' \
-e 's/--compressed //' \
-e 's/-I /--server-response /' \
-e 's/-s /-q /' \
-e 's/-o /-O /' \
-e 's/-C - /-c /')
# shellcheck disable=SC2086
eval wget $ARGS
fi
}
install_nvm_from_git() {
local INSTALL_DIR
INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"
if [ -d "$INSTALL_DIR/.git" ]; then
echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update using git"
command printf '\r=> '
command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin tag "$(nvm_latest_version)" --depth=1 2> /dev/null || {
echo >&2 "Failed to update nvm, run 'git fetch' in $INSTALL_DIR yourself."
exit 1
}
else
# Cloning to $INSTALL_DIR
echo "=> Downloading nvm from git to '$INSTALL_DIR'"
command printf '\r=> '
mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}"
if [ "$(ls -A "${INSTALL_DIR}")" ]; then
command git init "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {
echo >&2 'Failed to initialize nvm repo. Please report this!'
exit 2
}
command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote add origin "$(nvm_source)" 2> /dev/null \
|| command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote set-url origin "$(nvm_source)" || {
echo >&2 'Failed to add remote "origin" (or set the URL). Please report this!'
exit 2
}
command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" fetch origin tag "$(nvm_latest_version)" --depth=1 || {
echo >&2 'Failed to fetch origin with tags. Please report this!'
exit 2
}
else
command git -c advice.detachedHead=false clone "$(nvm_source)" -b "$(nvm_latest_version)" --depth=1 "${INSTALL_DIR}" || {
echo >&2 'Failed to clone nvm repo. Please report this!'
exit 2
}
fi
fi
command git -c advice.detachedHead=false --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" checkout -f --quiet "$(nvm_latest_version)"
if [ -n "$(command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" show-ref refs/heads/master)" ]; then
if command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet 2>/dev/null; then
command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet -D master >/dev/null 2>&1
else
echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch -D master >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
echo "=> Compressing and cleaning up git repository"
if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" reflog expire --expire=now --all; then
echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
fi
if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" gc --auto --aggressive --prune=now ; then
echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!"
fi
return
}
#
# Automatically install Node.js
#
nvm_install_node() {
local NODE_VERSION_LOCAL
NODE_VERSION_LOCAL="$(nvm_node_version)"
if [ -z "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" ]; then
return 0
fi
echo "=> Installing Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
nvm install "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
local CURRENT_NVM_NODE
CURRENT_NVM_NODE="$(nvm_version current)"
if [ "$(nvm_version "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL")" == "$CURRENT_NVM_NODE" ]; then
echo "=> Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL has been successfully installed"
else
echo >&2 "Failed to install Node.js $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL"
fi
}
install_nvm_as_script() {
local INSTALL_DIR
INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)"
local NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL
NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL="$(nvm_source script)"
local NVM_EXEC_SOURCE
NVM_EXEC_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-exec)"
local NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE
NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-bash-completion)"
# Downloading to $INSTALL_DIR
mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"
if [ -f "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" ]; then
echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update the script"
else
echo "=> Downloading nvm as script to '$INSTALL_DIR'"
fi
nvm_download -s "$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" || {
echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL'"
return 1
} &
nvm_download -s "$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {
echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE'"
return 2
} &
nvm_download -s "$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/bash_completion" || {
echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE'"
return 2
} &
for job in $(jobs -p | command sort)
do
wait "$job" || return $?
done
chmod a+x "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || {
echo >&2 "Failed to mark '$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec' as executable"
return 3
}
}
nvm_try_profile() {
if [ -z "${1-}" ] || [ ! -f "${1}" ]; then
return 1
fi
echo "${1}"
}
#
# Detect profile file if not specified as environment variable
# (eg: PROFILE=~/.myprofile)
# The echo'ed path is guaranteed to be an existing file
# Otherwise, an empty string is returned
#
nvm_detect_profile() {
if [ "${PROFILE-}" = '/dev/null' ]; then
# the user has specifically requested NOT to have nvm touch their profile
return
fi
if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ] && [ -f "${PROFILE}" ]; then
echo "${PROFILE}"
return
fi
local DETECTED_PROFILE
DETECTED_PROFILE=''
if [ -n "${
BASH_VERSION-}" ]; then
if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bashrc"
elif [ -f "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]; then
DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bash_profile"
fi
elif [ -n "${ZSH_VERSION-}" ]; then
DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zshrc"
fi
if [ -z "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then
for EACH_PROFILE in ".profile" ".bashrc" ".bash_profile" ".zshrc"
do
if DETECTED_PROFILE="$(nvm_try_profile "${
HOME}/${EACH_PROFILE}")"; then
break
fi
done
fi
if [ -n "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then
echo "$DETECTED_PROFILE"
fi
}
#
# Check whether the user has any globally-installed npm modules in their system
# Node, and warn them if so.
#
nvm_check_global_modules() {
command -v npm >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 0
local NPM_VERSION
NPM_VERSION="$(npm --version)"
NPM_VERSION="${NPM_VERSION:--1}"
[ "${NPM_VERSION%%[!-0-9]*}" -gt 0 ] || return 0
local NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES
NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES="$(
npm list -g --depth=0 |
command sed -e '/ npm@/d' -e '/ (empty)$/d'
)"
local MODULE_COUNT
MODULE_COUNT="$(
command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES" |
command sed -ne '1!p' | # Remove the first line
wc -l | command tr -d ' ' # Count entries
)"
if [ "${MODULE_COUNT}" != '0' ]; then
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo '=> You currently have modules installed globally with `npm`. These will no'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo '=> longer be linked to the active version of Node when you install a new node'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo '=> with `nvm`; and they may (depending on how you construct your `$PATH`)'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo '=> override the binaries of modules installed with `nvm`:'
echo
command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES"
echo '=> If you wish to uninstall them at a later point (or re-install them under your'
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
echo '=> `nvm` Nodes), you can remove them from the system Node as follows:'
echo
echo ' $ nvm use system'
echo ' $ npm uninstall -g a_module'
echo
fi
}
nvm_do_install() {
if [ -n "${NVM_DIR-}" ] && ! [ -d "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then
if [ -e "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then
echo >&2 "File \"${NVM_DIR}\" has the same name as installation directory."
exit 1
fi
if [ "${NVM_DIR}" = "$(nvm_default_install_dir)" ]; then
mkdir "${NVM_DIR}"
else
echo >&2 "You have \$NVM_DIR set to \"${NVM_DIR}\", but that directory does not exist. Check your profile files and environment."
exit 1
fi
fi
if [ -z "${METHOD}" ]; then
# Autodetect install method
if nvm_has git; then
install_nvm_from_git
elif nvm_has nvm_download; then
install_nvm_as_script
else
echo >&2 'You need git, curl, or wget to install nvm'
exit 1
fi
elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'git' ]; then
if ! nvm_has git; then
echo >&2 "You need git to install nvm"
exit 1
fi
install_nvm_from_git
elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'script' ]; then
if ! nvm_has nvm_download; then
echo >&2 "You need curl or wget to install nvm"
exit 1
fi
install_nvm_as_script
else
echo >&2 "The environment variable \$METHOD is set to \"${METHOD}\", which is not recognized as a valid installation method."
exit 1
fi
echo
local NVM_PROFILE
NVM_PROFILE="$(nvm_detect_profile)"
local PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR
PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir | command sed "s:^$HOME:\$HOME:")"
SOURCE_STR="\\nexport NVM_DIR=\"${PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR}\"\\n[ -s \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" # This loads nvm\\n"
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
COMPLETION_STR='[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion\n'
BASH_OR_ZSH=false
if [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then
local TRIED_PROFILE
if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ]; then
TRIED_PROFILE="${NVM_PROFILE} (as defined in \$PROFILE), "
fi
echo "=> Profile not found. Tried ${TRIED_PROFILE-}~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.zshrc, and ~/.profile."
echo "=> Create one of them and run this script again"
echo " OR"
echo "=> Append the following lines to the correct file yourself:"
command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"
echo
else
if nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh "${NVM_PROFILE-}"; then
BASH_OR_ZSH=true
fi
if ! command grep -qc '/nvm.sh' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then
echo "=> Appending nvm source string to $NVM_PROFILE"
command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"
else
echo "=> nvm source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"
fi
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && ! command grep -qc '$NVM_DIR/bash_completion' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then
echo "=> Appending bash_completion source string to $NVM_PROFILE"
command printf "$COMPLETION_STR" >> "$NVM_PROFILE"
else
echo "=> bash_completion source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}"
fi
fi
if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then
echo "=> Please also append the following lines to the if you are using bash/zsh shell:"
command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"
fi
# Source nvm
# shellcheck source=/dev/null
\. "$(nvm_install_dir)/nvm.sh"
nvm_check_global_modules
nvm_install_node
nvm_reset
echo "=> Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now:"
command printf "${SOURCE_STR}"
if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} ; then
command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}"
fi
}
#
# Unsets the various functions defined
# during the execution of the install script
#
nvm_reset() {
unset -f nvm_has nvm_install_dir nvm_latest_version nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh \
nvm_source nvm_node_version nvm_download install_nvm_from_git nvm_install_node \
install_nvm_as_script nvm_try_profile nvm_detect_profile nvm_check_global_modules \
nvm_do_install nvm_reset nvm_default_install_dir
}
[ "_$NVM_ENV" = "_testing" ] || nvm_do_install
} # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #
Then execute the following command in the same directory as the file:
# 执行脚本
bash install.sh
# 添加环境变量
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion
2. Install node
# 以安装lts版本为例
nvm install --lts
# 查看node版本
node -v
3. Find the problem
Question 1
Problem Description
node: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by node)
problem analysis
ubutu 18.04 does not have GLIBC_2.28 required by node 18 version
Problem Solving Suggestions
Just lower the node version, such as installing node v16
nvm use v16
Question 2
Problem Description
Start the front-end project (npm start) and find the following error
Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers
problem analysis
The limitation of the linux system caused this error
Problem Solving Suggestions
Just lower the node version, such as installing node v16
# 如果需要权限，就在命令前加sudo
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# 在sysctl.conf文件末尾添加以下内容，然后保存（wq）
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
# 执行命令
sysctl -p