System Analyst Thesis---On Software Requirements Acquisition Technology and Application

Foreword:

1. Write relevant content according to the topic of the thesis. This part is the focus of your own preparation in advance, and you must construct a few real examples for your own project, not just list theories.
2. Respond to subtopics. This part is generally the writing process, and other questions may be asked. It needs specific questions, but it will not affect the overall situation. You can see how the sub-topics of the real questions over the years have been asked. Generally, you can write the main text of the paper directly in the order of the sub-topics.
3. This chapter gives ideas and sample essays for frequently asked questions. When students study the content of this chapter, they must focus on the writing of the main text, and use their own universal templates for templates such as other project backgrounds.
4. pay attention:

1. 1. The sample essay is for reference only, please do not copy it, you must rewrite it yourself.
   2. The number of words in the model essay may exceed the standard. The key point is to master the idea of ​​writing, and then write a standard point by yourself.

1. On software requirements acquisition technology and application

Topic: On Software Requirements Acquisition Technology and Application

Software requirements refer to the user's expectations of the new system in terms of functionality, behavior, performance, and design constraints. Software requirements elicitation is a process of identifying and understanding the needs and constraints of various project stakeholders. Whether the requirement acquisition is scientific and well-prepared has a great influence on the result of the acquisition, because most users cannot fully describe the requirements, and it is impossible to see the whole picture of the system. Therefore, it is very important to master various requirements elicitation techniques, and to use them skillfully in practice and to cooperate effectively with users.

Please focus on the topic of "Demand Acquisition Technology and Application", and discuss it from the following three aspects in turn.

1. Briefly describe the software projects you have participated in the management and development of and the main work you have undertaken in them.
2. Describe in detail what are the more commonly used requirements elicitation techniques? Explain the basic approach of each requirements elicitation technique
3. Discuss in detail the requirements acquisition techniques adopted in the software projects you participated in the analysis and development and the reasons for choosing these techniques, and explain the specific implementation steps of requirements acquisition

Identify the core arguments:

Key points for question 1:

The outline of the software system: the background of the system, the initiator, the purpose, the development cycle, the delivered products, etc.

The role of "I" and the main work.

Key points for question 2:

Common requirements elicitation techniques.

Describe the basic approach of each requirements elicitation technique.

Key points for question 3:

Requirements elicitation techniques used and why they were chosen.

Explain the specific implementation steps of requirement acquisition.

Preparation of theoretical materials:

Requirement acquisition method:

1. User interviews: 1 on 1-3, representative users.
2. Questionnaire survey: There are so many users that it is impossible to interview them one by one.
3. On-site observation: for more complex processes and operations.
4. Joint Requirements Planning (JRP): Highly organized group meetings with participation from all parties and higher costs.
5. Storyboard: A series of pictures through which a story is told.
6. Data collection: collect information related to the system and beneficial to system development.
7. Participate in business practice: effectively discover the nature of problems and find solutions to them.
8. Reading historical documents: useful for collecting statistical information.
9. Sampling surveys: reducing costs. Sample size = (Confidence factor / Acceptable error)

model essay:

Summary:

In July 2018, my company undertook the development of a pension management information platform. I was fortunate to participate in the entire development process as the technical director of the project, and was responsible for the demand analysis and system design of the project. The system focuses on the elderly care, including more than 60 business function modules in the aspects of pension files, care plans, service audits, status tracking, cost management, and decision support. Taking the pension management platform as an example, this paper mainly discusses the specific application of software requirements acquisition technology in this project. In the early stage of requirements, we use a combination of user interviews and questionnaires to obtain requirements; in the middle stage, we use on-site observation to obtain requirements; in the later stage, we use the method of consulting historical documents to collect requirements. Practice has proved that effective use of various requirements acquisition technologies to implement requirements acquisition can effectively reduce project risks, and the final project goes online smoothly, which has won unanimous praise from users.

text:

At present, my country has entered an aging society, and the elderly population is increasing year by year. According to the figures provided by the Aging Office, it is estimated that by 2023, China's elderly population will reach 295 million, and the increased pension consumption per capita will be about 3,000. From the scale of the entire pension industry Looking at it, it is estimated that it will increase to a scale of 5 trillion in 2025, and the market scale is huge. With the rapid development of the Internet, all walks of life are experimenting with Internet+, hoping to take advantage of this development opportunity. Among them, the field of elderly care needs to solve a series of problems such as low professionalization of the elderly, insufficient information, and lagging health care levels. unresolved issues.

In July 2018, my company undertook the development of the pension management information platform jointly carried out by the National Office on Aging and dozens of pension medical institutions across the country. The requirements analysis and system design work of the project. Since our company has a wealth of successful experience in the medical industry, and at the same time, in recent years, we have successfully implemented many mature cases in the field of elderly care. Therefore, we have invested 30 million yuan in the first phase and entrusted us to develop this comprehensive elderly care management platform. Work. The system takes pension as the main line, including pension archives, care plans, service audits, status tracking, cost management, decision support and other aspects of more than 60 business function modules, the system functions are quite complete. After the preliminary investigation and analysis of dozens of elderly care institutions and related cooperative medical units across the country, our system mainly needs to solve several major problems. These include the transition of elderly care institutions from traditional methods to advanced fine-grained management, changes in personnel structure and working methods, and how to better provide health care for the elderly in a way that combines medical care and support. Therefore, how to make the project development go smoothly, it is very important to use demand acquisition technology to obtain the real needs of users.

There are many requirements acquisition techniques in project practice, mainly including user interviews, questionnaire surveys, on-site observations, and reading historical documents. Among them, the user interview is mainly to conduct one-on-one conversations with less than three representative customers to obtain requirements. The advantage is good flexibility and wide application range. The disadvantages are that it is difficult to arrange customer time, it is difficult to record a large amount of information, domain knowledge is required, and it is sensitive to corporate confidential topics. Applicable to simple and small-scale demand acquisition. Questionnaire surveys mainly collect user needs through carefully designed questionnaires. The advantage is that data can be collected from a large number of questions and answers in a short time and at low cost. The disadvantage is that the two parties cannot clarify the questions without meeting, the feedback information is not comprehensive, and the details of the problem cannot be in-depth. Suitable for large-scale requirements gathering. The on-site observation is mainly for the acquisition of some complex and difficult-to-understand processes and operational requirements. The advantage is intuitive and clear, and the disadvantage is low efficiency. Applicable to the acquisition of complex requirements. Reading historical documents is mainly to obtain requirements by consulting relevant historical materials. The advantage is that it saves time, and the disadvantage is that the information is outdated and inaccurate. Applicable to the collection of complex work form data.

This paper mainly discusses in detail how to use different requirements acquisition techniques for different problems encountered in the acquisition process in the initial stage, middle stage, and later stages of requirements.

First of all, in the early stage of demand, the problem encountered is that since the entire platform involves dozens of elderly care institutions, how can we effectively and quickly obtain a comprehensive overview of demand? We used a combination of user interviews and questionnaires to obtain requirements. Since dozens of institutions across the country are involved, in order to highlight the key points, we first select a few representative institutions to carry out the project first, and then gradually spread it out. The entire requirements research team is divided into several groups to collect requirements separately. The nursing director is responsible for the specific management of the nursing home. Generally, there are 2 to 3. We use interviews to obtain demand. Through detailed communication with the nursing director, we have an overall and comprehensive understanding of the business process of the nursing home. . At the same time, some basic obstacles have been cleared and they hope that the system can better optimize the existing workflow and improve the efficiency of care for the elderly. Due to the many specific business processes of the nurses, in order to quickly collect the details of the process data, with the cooperation of the nursing director, a questionnaire form was made and distributed to the nurses of the institution. Communicate and confirm the details of the requirements. Due to the use of this kind of primary and secondary, detailed arrangement, good results were obtained in the early stage, and a good foundation was built for subsequent demand acquisition.

Secondly, in the middle stage of demand, although there is already a certain foundation in the acquisition of overall demand, many processes cannot be intuitively understood only through interviews with the director and sorting out questionnaires, and it is easy to appear in the later demand sorting This is another difficult problem ahead. At this time, we decided to use the method of on-site observation for demand acquisition. During the investigation, without an intuitive understanding of many business processes, it is difficult to clearly understand the real experience of the nursing director and specific salespersons in their daily work, and the optimization process is bound to be empty talk. Therefore, with the consent of the organization's leaders, and with the assistance and arrangement of the nursing director, we followed the nurses to observe some links on the spot, and had a clearer understanding of the daily operating norms and procedures. For example, to track the daily status of the elderly with some diseases, it is necessary to manually record the status and various indicators of the elderly according to the requirements, and at the same time, sort out the returns and input them into computer files for backup. In this process, a large number of The work of nursing records is being carried out all the time, which takes up a lot of working hours of the nursing staff and reduces the time for caring for the elderly. Through observation, we have a clearer understanding of the business, which plays a very good role in solving their concerns about process optimization for subsequent demand analysis.

Finally, in the later stage of requirements, we have basically completed the collection of most of the business requirements. However, the use of data statistics is also the focus of the director and leaders. This involves the sorting out of a large number of professional data indicators, which is not a small task. quantity. In this case, in order to improve work efficiency and accuracy, we decided to collect requirements by consulting historical documents. Before this, many elderly care institutions used Excel tools to make data by manual summarization and some simple tripartite systems for data statistics. The accuracy, integrity and numerical reference value of the data were lacking. With the assistance of relevant staff, we consulted a large number of historical data reports, sorted out a large number of key indicators, compiled a preliminary demand document, and discussed with business personnel when it was unclear. And confirm, and finally filter and screen out the reasonable parts that can be provided through processing and include them in the requirements documents. At the same time, considering the later demand analysis and system design, we also discussed and initially confirmed the display methods of indicators and related query filter conditions, paving the way for follow-up work and reducing the difficulty of related design work. Due to the reference to historical documents, the index sorting work is progressing relatively smoothly, and the accuracy of requirements has also been recognized by users.

The development of the whole project was completed in about 10 months, and it has been running stably so far. After a period of use in the production environment, user feedback is good. But at the same time, there are also some deficiencies. For example, the collection of requirements for the floor setting of elderly care institutions is not thorough enough, and the system is not fully designed, resulting in cumbersome maintenance. In the later stage, through rearranging the requirements and further digging, we obtained the building structure diagram of each floor. Through simple processing of the structure, we intuitively set the floor room beds and the elderly on the way, reducing a lot of maintenance. Time and efficiency, and finally get the user's approval.

Practice has proved that effective use of various requirements acquisition technologies to implement requirements acquisition can effectively reduce project risks and play an intuitive and important role in the smooth progress of the project. The elderly care management platform is a general management platform. Next, as the technical director of the project, I will summarize the experience and lessons at this stage. In the follow-up system upgrade and improvement, I will continue to think about and improve the inadequacies in the use of demand acquisition methods. In the follow-up projects In this process, we can give full play to the greater role of demand acquisition technology, and while creating benefits for the company, we can also develop a more stable and efficient system for customers.