1. The single-chip microcomputer integrates a series of common hardware functions of computers such as CPU, RAM, ROM, timer, interrupt system, and communication interface. Compared with a computer, a single-chip microcomputer is a pocket computer
2. There are central processing unit (CPU), program memory (Flash), data memory (SRAM), timer/counter, serial port, IO interface, ROM, watchdog and other modules in the microcontroller. The IO port is the pins on both sides of the microcontroller.
The STC89C52 series single-chip microcomputer contains almost all the unit modules needed in data acquisition and control, which can be called a system on chip
3. Pin diagram: roughly remember the position of the IO interface, the default of the IO interface is high level. There are Vcc (positive pole of power supply), Gnd (negative pole of power supply), and XTAL1 and XTAL2, these two are microcontroller clocks, an external crystal oscillator is connected to provide continuous drive, there is RST (reset), and there are four groups of pins: P0 group, P1 group, P2 group, P3 group, each group has eight pins (because the microcontroller is eight bits, so each group has eight pins)
4. Wireless module, realize the control from one single-chip to another single-chip or make a wireless remote control, etc.
5. Usb automatic download module, after plugging in the usb socket, download the program to the MCU
6. The DS1302 module is a clock chip, which can be used to make a small clock, alarm clock, or timing control.
7, reset the module, there is a reset button, press the program to execute from the beginning
8. AD/DA, analog-to-digital converter, conversion from analog to digital, because our single-chip microcomputer is a digital chip, which gives high and low levels, high level is positive volts, and low level is zero volts
9, 74H595 module, used to expand the IO interface
10. The stepper motor module can precisely control the angle, and the speed will not change with the change of voltage
11. Buzzer module, the single-chip microcomputer outputs a signal to make the buzzer sound, and can output sounds of any frequency
12, 138 decoder module, can also be used to expand the IO interface, it is used to drive the digital tube
13. The 24C02 module is a kind of ROM, and the dropped parts will not be lost
14. Temperature sensor module, DS18B20, used to detect temperature
15, 74HC245 module, this chip is used to drive the digital tube
16. LCD1602 module of LCD screen, the potentiometer on the left adjusts the contrast and the clarity of the display
17. Dot matrix screen, each hole in it has an LED