[Python] Read the name and file extension of the file

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foreword

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1. Why do I need to obtain the file suffix?

Sometimes it is necessary to obtain the type of the file, and then make a judgment process.

2. Use steps

1. Judgment between text types

The code is as follows (example):
Method 1 This method is equivalent to obtaining the split through ., and it can also be realized through split('.').
The name on the PC side cannot contain the special symbol ".".

file_path = '需求.txt'
filename, file_type = os.path.splitext(file_path)
print(filename, file_type)

Or you can directly judge whether it contains '.txt' characters to judge

print('.txt' in file_path)

2. Third-party library filetype

pip3 install  filetype

The code is as follows (example):

import filetype
# pip3 install  filetype
# 需要真实存在的文件才能判断
#  支持的类型有限
file_path = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\getit.png]'
with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
    kind = filetype.guess(f)
    print(kind.extension, kind.mime)

The supported types are as follows:

You can view the official website in detail

Supported types
Image：
dwg - image/vnd.dwg

xcf - image/x-xcf

jpg - image/jpeg

jpx - image/jpx

png - image/png

apng - image/apng

gif - image/gif

webp - image/webp

cr2 - image/x-canon-cr2

tif - image/tiff

bmp - image/bmp

jxr - image/vnd.ms-photo

psd - image/vnd.adobe.photoshop

ico - image/x-icon

heic - image/heic

Video：
3gp - video/3gpp

mp4 - video/mp4

m4v - video/x-m4v

mkv - video/x-matroska

webm - video/webm

mov - video/quicktime

avi - video/x-msvideo

wmv - video/x-ms-wmv

mpg - video/mpeg

flv - video/x-flv

Audio：
aac - audio/aac

mid - audio/midi

mp3 - audio/mpeg

m4a - audio/mp4

ogg - audio/ogg

flac - audio/x-flac

wav - audio/x-wav

amr - audio/amr

aiff - audio/x-aiff

Archive：
br - application/x-brotli

rpm - application/x-rpm

dcm - application/dicom

epub - application/epub+zip

zip - application/zip

tar - application/x-tar

rar - application/x-rar-compressed

gz - application/gzip

bz2 - application/x-bzip2

7z - application/x-7z-compressed

xz - application/x-xz

pdf - application/pdf

exe - application/x-msdownload

swf - application/x-shockwave-flash

rtf - application/rtf

eot - application/octet-stream

ps - application/postscript

sqlite - application/x-sqlite3

nes - application/x-nintendo-nes-rom

crx - application/x-google-chrome-extension

cab - application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed

deb - application/x-deb

ar - application/x-unix-archive

Z - application/x-compress

lzo - application/x-lzop

lz - application/x-lzip

lz4 - application/x-lz4

zstd - application/zstd

Font：
woff - application/font-woff

woff2 - application/font-woff

ttf - application/font-sfnt

otf - application/font-sfnt

Application
wasm - application/wasm

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Summarize

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