To put it bluntly, Oracle License is a piece of paper, a license. This is the same as with many software products, there is no functional difference between licensed and non-licensed products, it is just a legal issue. That is to say, any oracle that can be downloaded from the Internet can be used normally for free, but the use is different. If it is for testing or research and development, it does not matter, you can use it casually; if it is used for commercial purposes, it is illegal. Oracle has the right to sue!
Different from the free download version, after purchasing the official version of Oracle, users will get a product service code. With this Oracle service code, they can get Oracle's online upgrade and other services. Oracle's services are divided into multiple levels, and different levels provide related services. Corresponding online or on-site service.
Oracle now has two authorization methods, by the number of CPU (Process) and by the number of users (NamedUser Plus). The former method is generally used when the number of users is uncertain or the number of users is large, such as the Internet environment, while the latter method is usually used when the number of users is definite or small.
By CPU: Number of Licenses = Number of CPUs * Coefficient. The coefficient comes from a parameter table of Oracle, such as 1 for IBM Power6 processors and 0.5 for AMD and Intel processors. The details are as follows:
| parameter |
Processor model |
| 0.25 |
Sun UltraSPARC T1 processor |
| 0.50 |
Sun UltraSPARC T1 processor |
| 0.50 |
Intel, AMD processor |
| 0.50 |
Sun UltraSPARC T2+ processor |
| 1.00 |
IBM POWER6, POWER7 processors |
| 0.75 |
Other multi-core processors |
| 1.00 |
single core processor |
According to the formula, it can be calculated that a 4*8-core processor of a SUN UltraSparc T1 requires 4*8*0.25=8 CPU licenses
According to the number of users: Oracle database is authorized according to the number of users, which refers to the number of users connecting to the Oracle database at the terminal. When purchased according to the number of users, it can only be used for one system, and installation on multiple machines is not allowed. Every user who accesses the Oracle database, whether it is a natural person or a device, is counted as a User (Named User). If it is a B/S architecture, it refers to the number of users connected to the middleware.
Named User Plus: is defined as anindividual authorized by you to use the programs which are installed on a singleserver or multiple servers, regardless of whether the individual is activelyusing the programs at any given time. A non human operated device will becounted.
If you purchase by the number of users, the corresponding product has a corresponding minimum purchase limit of the corresponding license, as follows:
| product |
Minimum number of licenses |
| Oracle Database Standard Edition ONE |
5 Named User Plus licenses |
| Oracle Database Standard Edition |
5 Named User Plus licenses |
| Oracle Database Enterprise Edition |
25 Named User Plus licenses per CPU |
| Oracle Application Server Standard Edition ONE |
5 Named User Plus licenses |
| All other Oracle Application Server products |
10 Named User Plus licenses per CPU |
Of course, users should order according to their actual number of users, and not less than the minimum number of users required by the corresponding version.
一般情况下，1CPU的费用约等于50user的费用，所以如果用户数>CPU数*系数*50，则按CPU订购反而更为经济。
更换服务器，OracleLicense要重新购买吗？
如果用户是按照用户数购买的Oracle，更改硬件不需要重新购买License；
如果是按照CPU个数买，有相应的换算方法，具体请咨询Oracle公司。
这里是Oracle 11g企业版的销售价格：
每个License还有有效期的分类（不论是User License还是CPU License），分别为：1年、2年、3年、4年、5年、永久。当然价格也是依次增加。
当前Oracle 11G的User License无限使用期的价格为人民币3千5左右，按50个User License无限使用期的购买量则价格为17.5万;每个CPU License无限使用期的价格为17万9千，按IBM小机的系数计算，则购买价格为17万9千，和50个User License的价格相近。
关于服务价格：一般地，购买Oracle的License都包含首年的服务费，以后的费用按每年原价的22%计算。
更多的产品价格可以访问http://shop.oracle.com查看。
这里我们再介绍一下如何查看服务器上物理CPU总数以及核数：
a.如果已安装了数据库实例，那么直接查看V$license视图即可:
SQL> select cpu_count_current,CPU_CORE_COUNT_CURRENT,CPU_SOCKET_COUNT_CURRENT from v$license;
CPU_COUNT_CURRENT CPU_CORE_COUNT_CURRENT CPU_SOCKET_COUNT_CURRENT
----------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
2 2 1
以上通过v$license 视图反应了数据库服务器当前的逻辑CPU总数为2，而总的核数也是2，实际的物理CPU Socket是1，那么说明是1个双核的物理CPU。
b. 如果服务器上尚没有部署实例则不能使用v$license视图，那么可以通过OS 命令来获取必要的信息。
在x86 Linux服务器上：
列出当前使用的物理CPU的个数：
grep core\ id /proc/cpuinfo | grep -c \ 0$ | grep ^0$ >> /dev/null && grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo || \
grep core\ id /proc/cpuinfo | grep -c \ 0$
列出单个物理CPU的核数
grep "cpu cores" /proc/cpuinfo |uniq
在Power系列的IBM小机上按照cpu模块方式来购买，在IBM Dual-Core Module（双核模块）的power芯片上，一个双核模块（内含2颗物理cpu）只需要购买1.5个license ， 具体的模块类型可以咨询IBM厂家或者集成商。
转自：http://blog.csdn.net/eurasiaxz/article/details/10699869
当然随着cpu计算能力的提高，cpu个数有可能并不需要太多。oracle的收费模式肯定会变化。