One: the pre-moral stage. Only the consequences of actions can be accepted. It is equivalent to the period of barbaric society. In this period, the prevailing method is: homomorphic revenge. No matter who the train driver hits, the result is to accept homomorphic revenge and kill for life.
Two: The period of heteronomy and morality. Be governed by values other than oneself. Equivalent to the autocratic period, the prevailing thing is: the powerful speak their minds. If the train driver chooses to hit 1 person and save 5 people, he will be happy to do it if he wins the praise of those in power. During this period, behaviors are formulated according to authority figures, which cannot be changed and must be strictly followed. And the evaluation of good or bad behavior is based only on the consequences, not on the motives of the actor. If it is, those in power think that if you kill someone, you will pay for your life, and the motive of the actor is useless.
Three: The period of self-discipline and morality. It is equivalent to the period of the democratic market economy system, which is dominated by its own subjective values, and the basis for judging whether the behavior is good or bad focuses on the subjective motivation or intention, rather than the consequences. We can experience this best. Just like in open classes, everyone has their own choices, and no one can say who is right and who is wrong.