Note: Quartz 1.6.5 version is used here (package: quartz-1.6.5.jar)
If you need complex task scheduling, such as calendar-style tasks, instead of simple time interval scheduling, you need to use CronTrigger, and SimpleTrigger can't meet your needs.
With CronTrigger, you can define task schedules like "every Friday at noon", or "every weekday at 9:30am", or even "every Monday, Wednesday, Friday from 9:00am to 10am in January" :00, every 5 minutes".
However, like SimpleTrigger, CronTrigger still has a startTime property that defines the start time of the plan, and an endTime (optional) property that defines the end time of the plan.
Cron Expressions
Cron-Expressions are used to configure CronTrigger instances. Cron-Expressions are strings of seven sub expressions that describe each detailed plan. These substrings are separated by spaces, and each substring represents a domain, which are:
1 second
2 points
3 o'clock
number 4
May
6 days of the week
7 years (optional field)
For example: "0 0 12 ? * WED" - means every Wednesday at 12:00:00pm".
Each of these individual subexpressions can be represented by a range or a list. E.g:
The "WED" of the previous example can also be written as:
"MON-FRI" (range representation)
"MON,WED,FRI" (list representation)
"MON-WED,SAT" (range plus list)
Wildcards (*) can be used to represent every possible value of a subexpression field. Therefore, the "*" sign is used in the month, which means every month. Used in days of the week to indicate the day of the week.
Each subexpression field has a set of valid values, which are all obvious. Example: Use 0-59 for seconds and minutes, and 0 to 23 for hours. Use any value from 0-31 for the day number, but be careful with the number of days in the month. The month specified should be a value from 0 to 11 and can also be represented by the strings JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV and DEC. The day of the week is represented by 1 to 7 (1=Sunday), or by English characters: SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI and SAT.
The character "/" is used to denote the value of the increment. For example: If you use "0/15" to represent minutes, it means that starting from 0 minutes of an hour, every 15 minutes during the hour. If "3/20" is used for minutes, it means starting at 3 minutes of an hour and every 20 minutes during the hour. It can also be represented by "3,23,43". Note that "*/35" does not mean every 35 minutes, but it means every 35 minutes starting at 0 minutes of an hour, which is equivalent to "0,35".
The "?" sign is allowed to be used in the substring fields of day and day of the week to indicate that no value is specified.
The "L " character is allowed in day-of-day and day-of-week fields, and is an abbreviation for "last". "L" used in a few numbers means the last day of the month. If it is January, it means the 31st, and if it's February in a leap year, it means the 28th. If used in the day of the week, it means "7" or "SAT" (Saturday). But if L is used after a value to jointly represent the day of the week field, it means "the last day of the week in this month". For example: "6L" or "FRIL" means the last Friday of the month. It is also possible to use an offset variable to represent the number of days from the last day of a month. For example: "L-3" means the third-to-last day of the last day of a month. But when using the "L" character, don't use the "L" in a list or range, as you'll get confused or get unexpected results.
"W" is used to designate the nearest working day (Monday to Friday) of a certain number, for example: "15W" is placed in the number, indicating the nearest working day on the 15th of this month.
"#" is used to specify the working day of a month, for example: "6#3" or "FRI#3" is placed in the day of the week field, indicating the third Friday of the month.
下面是一些表达式的样例，你可以从JavaDoc中找到更多的例子。
Cron Expressions示例
例1-一个表达式表示每5分钟。
"0 0/5 * * * ?"
例2——表示每分钟的10秒后，每5钟一次（如：10：00：10 am,10:05:10 am,等等）
"10 0/5 * * * ?"
例3——表示运行在每个星期三，星期五的10：30，11：30，12：30 and 13:30
"0 30 10-13 ? * WED,FRI"
例4——表示每月的5号和20号的早8点至早10点每30分钟一次。
"0 0/30 8-10 5,20 * ?"
注意，有些计划调度需求如果用一个触发器会很复杂，例如：“早9：00至10：00每5分钟，下午1：00至10：00每20分钟”，这种情况下可以是单的创建两个触发器同时运行一个JOB
以下是附录的原文，有兴趣可以自己去看。
Lesson 6: CronTrigger
CronTrigger is often more useful than SimpleTrigger, if you need a job-firing schedule that recurs based on calendar-like notions, rather than on the exactly specified intervals of SimpleTrigger.
With CronTrigger, you can specify firing-schedules such as "every Friday at noon", or "every weekday and 9:30 am", or even "every 5 minutes between 9:00 am and 10:00 am on every Monday, Wednesday and Friday during January".
Even so, like SimpleTrigger, CronTrigger has a startTime which specifies when the schedule is in force, and an (optional) endTime that specifies when the schedule should be discontinued.
Cron Expressions
Cron-Expressions are used to configure instances of CronTrigger. Cron-Expressions are strings that are actually made up of seven sub-expressions, that describe individual details of the schedule. These sub-expression are separated with white-space, and represent:
1 Seconds
2 Minutes
3 Hours
4 Day-of-Month
5 Month
6 Day-of-Week
7 Year (optional field)
An example of a complete cron-expression is the string "0 0 12 ? * WED" - which means "every Wednesday at 12:00:00 pm".
Individual sub-expressions can contain ranges and/or lists. For example, the day of week field in the previous (which reads "WED") example could be replaced with "MON-FRI", "MON,WED,FRI", or even "MON-WED,SAT".
Wild-cards (the '*' character) can be used to say "every" possible value of this field. Therefore the '*' character in the "Month" field of the previous example simply means "every month". A '*' in the Day-Of-Week field would therefore obviously mean "every day of the week".
All of the fields have a set of valid values that can be specified. These values should be fairly obvious - such as the numbers 0 to 59 for seconds and minutes, and the values 0 to 23 for hours. Day-of-Month can be any value 0-31, but you need to be careful about how many days are in a given month! Months can be specified as values between 0 and 11, or by using the strings JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV and DEC. Days-of-Week can be specified as values between 1 and 7 (1 = Sunday) or by using the strings SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI and SAT.
The '/' character can be used to specify increments to values. For example, if you put '0/15' in the Minutes field, it means 'every 15th minute of the hour, starting at minute zero'. If you used '3/20' in the Minutes field, it would mean 'every 20th minute of the hour, starting at minute three' - or in other words it is the same as specifying '3,23,43' in the Minutes field. Note the subtlety that "*/35" does not mean "every 35 minutes" - it mean "every 35th minute of the hour, starting at minute zero" - or in other words the same as specifying '0,35'.
The '?' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields. It is used to specify "no specific value". This is useful when you need to specify something in one of the two fields, but not the other. See the examples below (and CronTrigger JavaDoc) for clarification.
The 'L' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields. This character is short-hand for "last", but it has different meaning in each of the two fields. For example, the value "L" in the day-of-month field means "the last day of the month" - day 31 for January, day 28 for February on non-leap years. If used in the day-of-week field by itself, it simply means "7" or "SAT". But if used in the day-of-week field after another value, it means "the last xxx day of the month" - for example "6L" or "FRIL" both mean "the last friday of the month". You can also specify an offset from the last day of the month, such as "L-3" which would mean the third-to-last day of the calendar month. When using the 'L' option, it is important not to specify lists, or ranges of values, as you'll get confusing/unexpected results.
The 'W' is used to specify the weekday (Monday-Friday) nearest the given day. As an example, if you were to specify "15W" as the value for the day-of-month field, the meaning is: "the nearest weekday to the 15th of the month".
The '#' is used to specify "the nth" XXX weekday of the month. For example, the value of "6#3" or "FRI#3" in the day-of-week field means "the third Friday of the month".
Here are a few more examples of expressions and their meanings - you can find even more in the JavaDoc for org.quartz.CronExpression
Example Cron Expressions
CronTrigger Example 1 - an expression to create a trigger that simply fires every 5 minutes
"0 0/5 * * * ?"
CronTrigger Example 2 - an expression to create a trigger that fires every 5 minutes, at 10 seconds after the minute (i.e. 10:00:10 am, 10:05:10 am, etc.).
"10 0/5 * * * ?"
CronTrigger Example 3 - an expression to create a trigger that fires at 10:30, 11:30, 12:30, and 13:30, on every Wednesday and Friday.
"0 30 10-13 ? * WED,FRI"
CronTrigger Example 4 - an expression to create a trigger that fires every half hour between the hours of 8 am and 10 am on the 5th and 20th of every month. Note that the trigger will NOT fire at 10:00 am, just at 8:00, 8:30, 9:00 and 9:30
"0 0/30 8-9 5,20 * ?"
Note that some scheduling requirements are too complicated to express with a single trigger - such as "every 5 minutes between 9:00 am and 10:00 am, and every 20 minutes between 1:00 pm and 10:00 pm". The solution in this scenario is to simply create two triggers, and register both of them to run the same job.
Building CronTriggers
CronTrigger instances are built using TriggerBuilder (for the trigger's main properties) and CronScheduleBuilder (for the CronTrigger-specific properties). To use these builders in a DSL-style, use static imports:
import static org.quartz.TriggerBuilder.*;
import static org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder.*;
import static org.quartz.DateBuilder.*:
Build a trigger that will fire every other minute, between 8am and 5pm, every day:
trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 0/2 8-17 * * ?"))
.forJob("myJob", "group1")
.build();
Build a trigger that will fire daily at 10:42 am:
trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", "group1")
.withSchedule(dailyAtHourAndMinute(10, 42))
.forJob(myJobKey)
.build();
- or -
trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 42 10 * * ?"))
.forJob(myJobKey)
.build();
Build a trigger that will fire on Wednesdays at 10:42 am, in a TimeZone other than the system's default:
trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", "group1")
.withSchedule(weeklyOnDayAndHourAndMinute(DateBuilder.WEDNESDAY, 10, 42))
.forJob(myJobKey)
.inTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles"))
.build();
- or -
trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 42 10 ? * WED"))
.inTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles"))
.forJob(myJobKey)
.build();
CronTrigger Misfire Instructions
The following instructions can be used to inform Quartz what it should do when a misfire occurs for CronTrigger. (Misfire situations were introduced in the More About Triggers section of this tutorial). These instructions are defined as constants on CronTrigger itself (including JavaDoc describing their behavior). The instructions include:
Misfire Instruction Constants of CronTrigger
MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION_IGNORE_MISFIRE_POLICY
MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION_DO_NOTHING
MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION_FIRE_NOW
All triggers also have the Trigger.MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION_SMART_POLICY instruction available for use, and this instruction is also the default for all trigger types. The 'smart policy' instruction is interpreted by CronTrigger as MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION_FIRE_NOW. The JavaDoc for the CronTrigger.updateAfterMisfire() method explains the exact details of this behavior.
When building CronTriggers, you specify the misfire instruction as part of the simple schedule (via CronSchedulerBuilder):
trigger = newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", "group1")
.withSchedule(cronSchedule("0 0/2 8-17 * * ?")
..withMisfireHandlingInstructionFireAndProceed())
.forJob("myJob", "group1")
.build();