Install Ubuntu 64-bit operating system

Target version:

Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS 64bit

Preparation before installation

1) Download the installation package from the Ubuntu official website (http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop)

2) Make a U disk installation disk

a- Made under Ubuntu system

How to create a bootable USB stick on Ubuntu

format the usb drive

sudo umount /media/disk

You can use sudo fdisk -l to check whether the USB disk is /dev/sdb.

format:

sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb

Different formats correspond to different formatting commands:

mkfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4dev mkfs.ms dos mkfs.vfat

mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.ntfs

b- Made under Windows system

If there is no Ubuntu system before, you can make the installation disk of the U disk under Windows. You must download the UltraISO to make it . I personally tried the method introduced on the Ubuntu official website several times, but the installation was not successful.

Formal installation

The installation process is generally done by default, but after installation, it is found that there is a problem with the boot program, and it cannot be directly booted into the system.

I tried it for one night, and the installation was successful later. It was suspected that there was a problem with the downloaded ISO file. The iso file in question was only 0.99G, and the iso file that was successfully installed later was 1.00G.

Install the appropriate Chinese input method

IBUS

ibus is not easy to use, but it's okay. There may be a problem with the ibus in the initial system, it is best to reinstall, first uninstall and then install.

sudo apt-get remove ibus

sudo apt-get autoremove es

sudo apt-get purge ibus

结果遇到desktop也删除了，并且找不到settings了，重装后重启后，就ok。

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

#sudo apt-get install ibus

Fcitx

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/stable

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install fcitx fcitx-config-gtk im-switch

#sudo apt-get install fcitx-sogoupinyin

sudo apt-get install fcitx-googlepinyin

im-switch -s fcitx -z default (注意：此处不需要sudo)

logout或重启

安装im-switch 会把language-support 覆盖掉，安装language-support也会把im-switch覆盖。只装im-switch就可以了。

如果出现以下错误：

No system wide default defined just for locale en_US .
Use "all_ALL" quasi-locale and set IM.
update-alternatives: error: alternative /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/fcitx for xinput-all_ALL not registered, not setting.

在英文locale下启动Fcitx输入法，需要在/etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/下新建一个文件en_US，文件内容如下：

XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"
XIM=fcitx
XIM_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/fcitx
XIM_ARGS=""
GTK_IM_MODULE=XIM
QT_IM_MODULE=XIM
DEPENDS="fcitx"

ls -l /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d   // 查看输入法启动项，确保en_US配置成功

sogoupinyin:http://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/?r=pinyin

Ubuntu英文环境下安装Fcitx中文输入法

http://www.lihuoqing.cn/other/1276.html

禁用全局菜单

Ubuntu不知道从哪个版本开始，窗口的菜单统一跑到屏幕最上方的去了，叫做全局菜单。

这种方式对小显示器确实是挺好的，省了不少地方，但是对于大显示器，窗口不全屏的情况太多，这种方式对不全屏的窗口很不友好。

1.打开终端：
sudo apt-get autoremove appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-qt
完成之后，只需关闭所有程序再重新打开就可以看到郊果了
但是对于firefox，还需要在“扩展组件”－“扩展”里面把“global menu bar integration”这一项禁用，才可以

另：如果不适应，想恢复回来：在终端输入
sudo apt-get install appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-qt
同样把firefox“扩展组件”－“扩展”里面把“global menu bar integration”这一项启用。
关掉所有程序，再打开。

note:以上方法只是针对旧版本，14.04 tsl可以通过settings设置。

更改Terminal终端的显示样式（完整路径改为短路径）

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

--------------------------------------------------------------

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then

　　PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\W\[\033[00m\]\$ '

　　else

　　PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\W\$ '

------------------------------------------------------------------

　　找到上面的文本，注意看PS1的环境变量的值，\u是当前用户，\h是主机名，\w是显示完整路径，\W是显示简单路径，把w变成W就可以了！

$ source ~/.bashrc

How to change the computer name:

gksudo gedit /etc/hostname

Close all open windows and restart your system.

去除utf8 bomb：

set nobomb;

set fileencoding=utf8;