real-time management
cmd.run way
Excuting an order
sudo salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime'
system module
For the self-built modules of the system, refer to the salt documentation http://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/index.html
For example, to view the disk usage of the minion, use the usage function of the disk module
sudo salt '*' disk.usage
Use the sys.doc module to query the related usage of the salt module. sys.doc is equivalent to the system man, you can query the online doc of the salt module
sudo salt '*' sys.doc disk
custom module
The directory /srv/salt/_modules/of the custom module, the custom module path is generally /srv/salt/_modules/custom.py . Example:
$cat /srv/salt/_modules/custom.py def test():return'i am test'
Manually sync modules to minion
sudo salt '*' saltutil.sync_modules
execution module
sudo salt '*' custom.test
Targetting
Simple Matching: Shell Style & Perl Regular Matching
| model | meaning |
| * | match all minions |
| web1 | match web1 |
| web* | Match the minion at the beginning of web |
| web? | Match the minion with the first 4 characters of the web ID |
| web[1-5] | match web1 to web5 |
| web[1,3] | match web1 and web3 |
| web1-(prod｜devel) | match web1-prod and web1-devel |
list match
sudo salt -L 'web1,web2' test.ping
Grains match
sudo salt - G 'virtual:physical' test . ping #match all physical machines sudo salt - G 'virtual:phy*' test . ping #grains matching method can also use Shell Style & Perl regular method
Pillar match
sudo salt -I 'master:ipv6:False' test.ping
SLS文件中的匹配方式
'virtual:physical':－ match: grain
States
states用于实现对minion进行状态管理,官方参考文档 http://docs.saltstack.com/ref/states/all/index.html
states 定义路径/src/salt（在/etc/salt/master中的file_roots变量定义），states文件使用YAML格式定义
states文件的后缀是sls（Salt State）,sls文件编写需要注意在:之后要保留一个空格，否则会导致解析错误
手动执行state的方式，以修改admin账号的bashrc为例
准备/src/salt/bashrc.sls,内容如下
/home/admin/.bashrc: file.managed:- source: salt://files/bashrc- user: admin -group: admin - mode:644
准备好用于分发的bash文件，salt://files/bashrc 对应/srv/salt/files/bashrc
使bash.sls生效
sudo salt '*' state.sls 'bashrc'
Highstate的方式。其实是使用top.sls作为state的入口文件
/src/salt/top.sls文件如下，top.sls引用bashrc.sls
base:'*':- bashrc
手动执行highstate生效
sudo salt '*' state.highstate
使用schedule 让minion自动执行highstate
定义 /srv/pillar/top.sls
base:'*':- schedule
定义 /srv/pillar/schedule.sls (30分钟为单位)
schedule: highstate:function: state.highstate minutes:30
Pillar
官方文档 http://docs.saltstack.com/topics/tutorials/pillar.html
pillar数据定义路径/srv/pillar, 入口文件:/srv/pillar/top.sls
查看pillar信息
sudo salt '*' pillar.data
Grains
官方文档 http://docs.saltstack.com/topics/targeting/grains.html
查看grains分类
sudo salt '*' grains.ls
查看grains所有信息
sudo salt '*' grains.items
查看grains某个信息
sudo salt '*' grains.item osrelease
自定义grains
grains自定义目录/srv/salt/_grains/,自定义路径/srv/salt/_grains/grans_test.py，示例：
def grans_test(): grains ={} grains['grans_test']='this is a grans test!'return grains if __name__ =='__main__':print grans_test()
同步grains
sudo salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
查看机器grains信息
sudo salt '*' grains.item grans_test
Job管理
Salt实时管理的任务都是作为Job来执行
查看正在执行的Job
sudo salt-run jobs.active
查看Job列表（包括执行过的）
sudo salt-run jobs.list_jobs
查看指定Job的状态
sudo salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20140408112045976162
Minion状态管理
查看minion的状态up or down
sudo salt-run manage.status ＃查看所有状态 sudo salt-run manage.up #只看up的 sudo salt-run manage.down ＃只看down的
查看minion的版本，该命令会提示哪些minion的版本需要升级
sudo salt-run manage.versions