1 , shiro
1.1 Authorization Process
1.2 Three authorization methods
Shiro supports three ways of authorization:
Programmatically: done by writing an if/else authorization block:
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if(subject.hasRole(“admin”)) {
// have permission
} else {
// no permission
}
Annotated: done by placing the corresponding annotation on the executed Java method:
@RequiresRoles("admin")
public void hello() {
// have permission
}
JS P/GSP tags: Completed by corresponding tags on JSP/GSP pages:
<shiro:hasRole name="admin">
<! — has permission — >
</shiro:hasRole>
1.3 shiro-permission.ini
The content in shiro-permission.ini is equivalent to the database.
#user _
[users]
#User zhang 's password is 123 , this user has two roles , role1 and role2
zhang = 123,role1,role2
wang = 123,role2
#Permissions _
[roles]
# role1 has create and update permissions for resource user
role1=user:create,user:update
# role2 has create and delete permissions for resource user
role2=user:create,user:delete
# role3 has create permission to resource user
role3=user:create
Permission identification symbol rules: resource : operation : instance ( use half-width : separation in the middle )
user : create:01 indicates that the create operation is performed on the 01 instance of the user resource .
user:create : Indicates that the create operation is performed on user resources, which is equivalent to user:create:* , and the create operation is performed on all user resource instances .
user : * : 01 means perform all operations on user resource instance 01 .
Programming
2 Customize realm for authorization
2.1 Requirements
The above program statically configures the permission information through shiro-permission.ini , and obtains the permission data from the database in actual development. You need to customize the realm , and the realm will query the permission data from the database.
realm根据用户身份查询权限数据，将权限数据返回给authorizer（授权器）。
2.2 自定义realm
在原来自定义的realm中，修改doGetAuthorizationInfo方法。
2.3 shiro-realm.ini
在shiro-realm.ini中配置自定义的realm，将realm设置到securityManager中。
[main]
#自定义 realm
customRealm=cn.itcast.shiro.realm.CustomRealm
#将realm设置到securityManager，相当 于spring中注入
securityManager.realms=$customRealm
2.4 测试程序
// 自定义realm进行资源授权测试
@Test
public void testAuthorizationCustomRealm() {
// 创建SecurityManager工厂
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory(
"classpath:shiro-realm.ini");
// 创建SecurityManager
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// 将SecurityManager设置到系统运行环境，和spring后将SecurityManager配置spring容器中，一般单例管理
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// 创建subject
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// 创建token令牌
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("zhangsan",
"111111");
// 执行认证
try {
subject.login(token);
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("认证状态：" + subject.isAuthenticated());
// 认证通过后执行授权
// 基于资源的授权，调用isPermitted方法会调用CustomRealm从数据库查询正确权限数据
// isPermitted传入权限标识符，判断user:create:1是否在CustomRealm查询到权限数据之内
boolean isPermitted = subject.isPermitted("user:create:1");
System.out.println("单个权限判断" + isPermitted);
boolean isPermittedAll = subject.isPermittedAll("user:create:1",
"user:create");
System.out.println("多个权限判断" + isPermittedAll);
// 使用check方法进行授权，如果授权不通过会抛出异常
subject.checkPermission("items:add:1");
}
2.5 授权流程
1、对subject进行授权，调用方法isPermitted（"permission串"）
2、SecurityManager执行授权，通过ModularRealmAuthorizer执行授权
3、ModularRealmAuthorizer执行realm（自定义的CustomRealm）从数据库查询权限数据
调用realm的授权方法：doGetAuthorizationInfo
4、realm从数据库查询权限数据，返回ModularRealmAuthorizer
5、ModularRealmAuthorizer调用PermissionResolver进行权限串比对
6、如果比对后，isPermitted中"permission串"在realm查询到权限数据中，说明用户访问permission串有权限，否则 没有权限，抛出异常。