Address of this article:
http://peihexian.iteye.com/blog/2397975
A friend asked for help to deploy oracle 11.2 under linux. After two days of tossing, I sorted out the script for later use.
1. Preparations
When centos 7 is installed, an account other than root is established. When I test the local virtual machine, I only choose the minimal installation, there is no graphical interface, and there is no other account. When restarting after installing the dependency package, I will be asked to establish a management other than root. It doesn't matter if linux has been installed, you can agree to the license agreement when prompted and then follow the prompt to create an account.
2. Installation process
Centos 7 uses firewalld firewall, not iptables. First disable firewalld firewall, and pay attention to release port 1521 when you need to enable it later.
#systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
3. Because my script is edited in windows, running the script when it is uploaded to linux via ssh cannot be used. I need to convert the format through dos2unix, so install dos2unix first.
yum install dos2unix
In addition, you need to use the unzip decompression tool to decompress the oracle linux installation zip later, and also install it.
yum install unzip
4. Upload the two compressed zip files of oracle for linux to the /tmp directory in linux, decompress them and prepare for use
cd /tmp unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
After decompression, the database directory will be generated in /tmp.
5. Run the silent installation script 1, which is used to create oracle users and groups such as dba and oinstall, and to modify the environment variables and other parameters in the oracle user .bash_profile, vi /tmp/oracle_install.sh , the script content is as follows
#!/bin/bash
# oracle 11g R2 for linux installation auxiliary script
# Redkey
# version 1.2
# date 2017.10.28
#define constants
SYSCTL=/etc/sysctl.conf
LIMITS=/etc/security/limits.conf
PAM=/etc/pam.d/login
PROFILE=/etc/profile
BASH_PROFILE=/home/oracle/.bash_profile
#loop variable
i=1
#define display color
#color definition information (33 yellow) warning (31 red) process (36 light blue)
# Determine if the executing user is root
root()
{
if [ $USER != "root" ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;31m the user must be root,and now you user is $USER,please su to root. \e[0m"
exit4
else
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m check root ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
#Hang on the CD to the /mnt/cdrom directory
mount_cdrom()
{
echo -e "\n\e[1;31m please insert RHEL to CDROM,press any key ...\e[0m"
read -n 1
if [ -d /mnt/cdrom ];then
mount -t auto -o ro /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
else
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount -t auto -o ro /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
be
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m CDROM mount on /mnt/cdrom ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
#Set yum local CD source
yum_repo()
{
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* && cat <<EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/Server.repo
[Server]
name=MyRPM
baseurl = file: /// mnt/cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m /etc/yum.repos.d/Server.repo ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
#Add the oracle user, add the group oinstall to which the oracle user belongs and the additional group dba
ouseradd()
{
if [[ `grep "oracle" /etc/passwd` != "" ]];then
userdel -r oracle
be
if [[ `grep "oinstall" /etc/group` = "" ]];then
groupadd oinstall
be
if [[ `grep "dba" /etc/group` = "" ]];then
groupadd dba
be
useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba && echo $1 |passwd oracle --stdin
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m oracle's password updated successfully --- OK! \e[0m"
else
echo -e "\n\e[1;31m oracle's password set faild. --- NO!\e[0m"
be
}
#Check the packages required by oracle and install them
packagecheck()
{
for package in binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unzip elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static kernel-headers unixODBC unixODBC-devel
rpm -q $package 2> /dev/null
if [ $? != 0 ];then
yum -y install $package
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m $package is already installed ... OK! \e[0m"
be
done
}
#Install Desktop Suite X Window System/Desktop
xdesk()
{
LANG=C yum -y groupinstall "X Window System" "Desktop"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m $package is already installed ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
# set kernel parameters
kernelset()
{
cp $SYSCTL{,.bak} && cat <<EOF >>$SYSCTL
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048575
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m kernel parameters updated successfully --- OK! \e[0m"
be
sysctl -p
}
#Set oracle resource limit
oralimit ()
{
cp $LIMITS{,.bak} && cat <<EOF >> $LIMITS
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m $LIMITS updated successfully ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
#Set up the login file
setlogin()
{
cp $PAM{,.bak} && cat <<EOF >>$PAM
session required pam_limits.so
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m $PAM updated successfully ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
#Set the profile file
setprofile()
{
cp $PROFILE{,.bak} && cat <<EOF >>$PROFILE
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
be
be
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m $PROFILE updated successfully ... OK! \e[0m"
be
}
#Set oracle's profile file
setbash_profile()
{
cp $BASH_PROFILE{,.bak} && cat <<EOF >> $BASH_PROFILE
umask 022
ORACLE_BASE=$1
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=$2
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/:$PATH
LANG = en_US.UTF-8
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m $BASH_PROFILE updated successfully ... OK! \e[0m"
be
. $BASH_PROFILE
}
#System environment check
oscheck()
{
#Check if the memory size is greater than 1G
echo -e "\n check MEM Size ..."
if [ `cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal | awk '{print $2}'` -lt 1048576 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;33m Memory Small \e[0m"
exit 1
else
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m Memory checked PASS \e[0m"
be
#View tmp space size
echo -e "\n check tmpfs Size ..."
cp /etc/fstab{,.bak}
while true;do
if [ `df | awk '/tmpfs/ {print $2}'` -lt 1048576 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;33m tmpfs Smaill \e[0m"
sed -i '/tmpfs/s/defaults/defaults,size=1G/' /etc/fstab && mount -o remount /dev/shm
if [ $? != 0 ];then
i=i+1
if [ $i -eq 3 ];then
echo -e "\n\e[1;31m set tmpfs faild. \e[0m"
exit 3
be
else
echo -e "\n\e[1;36 tmpfs updated successfully. \e[0m"
break
be
else
echo -e "\n\e[1;36m tmpfs checked PASS \e[0m"
break
be
done
}
#stop firewall IPTABLES
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
#close SELINUX
cp /etc/selinux/config{,.bak} && sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/;/SELINUX/s/permissive/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
#Execute the above function
is root
oscheck
#yum_repo
#mount_cdrom
packagecheck
xdesk
kernelset
oralimit
setlogin
setprofile
echo -e "\n\e[1;33m please input oracle's user passwd: \e[0m"
read oraclepw
ouseradd $oraclepw
setbash_profile
echo -e "\n\e[1;33m please input oracle install PATH(default /oracle/db) \e[0m"
read oraclepath
if [ -z $oraclepath ];then
oraclepath=/oracle/db
be
echo -e "\n\e[1;33m please input oracle_sid (default police) \e[0m"
read orasid
if [ -z orasid ];then
orasid = police
be
setbash_profile $ oraclepath $ orasid
mkdir -p $oraclepath && chown -R oracle:oinstall $oraclepath && chmod -R 755 $oraclepath
unset i
echo -e "\n\e[1;35m Oracle install pre-setting finish! && please run oracle installer as user oracle \e[0m"
If the oracle_install.sh script file edited on the Windows platform or the downloaded attachment is transferred to the /tmp directory for use, you need to run dos2unix oracle_install.sh to modify the character encoding format, otherwise, an error will be reported when executing the script.
In the above script, the oracle software is installed to the /oracle/db directory by default. The default oracle sid is police. These two parameters are modified according to the needs of your own project. Note that the values of these two parameters will be used repeatedly later, and you must remember yourself. Which path to install the oracle file to, also remember the SID.
6. Give the script permission, run
chmod 777 /tmp/oracle_install.sh /tmp/oracle_install.sh
7. After the script runs, modify some environment variable parameters again
su - oracle you .bash_profile
The content of the oracle .bash_profile file automatically created by the above oracle_install.sh script has problems. One is duplicated, and the parameter values also need to be modified. Modify ORACLE_BASE to the oracle installation path, such as the default /oracle/db of the script, and modify the ORACLE_HOME value, such as / oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1 , modify the SID value, such as police, delete the duplicate configuration parameter value and save it.
source .bash_profile
Execute the above command to make the modified configuration take effect immediately.
8. Switch back to the root user and give the oracle user permission to read the installation source
su - root chmod -R 777 /tmp/database chown -R oracle:oinstall /tmp/database
9. Switch to the oracle user and modify the content of the silent installation parameter file
su - oracle vi /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp
The key parameters that need to be modified are:
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #This is used to indicate that only the software is installed, and the database is not created first ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle # 当前oracle主机hostname UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/db/oraInventory #This note that if the ORACLE_BASE value has been modified in the front, it should also be changed here. The sub-path under ORACLE_BASE will have a warning during installation. If you really want to put it in a path other than ORACLE_BASE, pay attention You need to manually create and write permissions to oracle users and dba and oinstall groups. If there are no special requirements, just put them in the ORACLE_BASE path. SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1 #This setting is consistent with the configuration parameters in the .bash_profile of the oracle user. ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/db #This is also the same as the configuration value in the .bash_profile of the oracle user oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #Install Enterprise Edition oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #Don't think about any customization, this is to copy and copy files directly, without executing the process of building the database script, which is very fast. oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=police #Database name, we use it for the police, you can change it to your own. oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=police #Also, change it to the same value as the oracle user .bash_profile. oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=123456 #This password is the password of the sys and system users, change it to the value you want. Change to this should be almost the same, if you can't install it, use the attachment file I provided.
10. Ok, everything is ready, let's start installing the oracle software into the linux system
su - oracle cd /tmp/database ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp
There will be a warning, don't ignore it, just wait patiently, when the screen prompts you to use the root user to execute the script, open another ssh window or terminal window, and execute the two sh scripts according to the contents of the screen prompts. That's it (you need to use the root user to execute)
#Can't remember the name of the script, just look at what the screen prompts over there and execute it, it seems that the second one is root.sh or something /oracle/db/xxxx/xxx.sh /oracle/db/xxxx/root.sh
After the two scripts here are executed, go back there and press Enter to finish the job, and the Oracle software installation is over.
11. Create a listener
su - oracle /oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /tmp/database/response/netca.rsp
I estimate which steps have configuration problems, lack of instance name, and the created listener configuration parameter listener.ora needs to be further modified, which will be discussed later.
12.dbca build library
Modify the dbca silent library building parameter file
su - oracle vi /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp
The parameter names and contents to be modified are as follows:
GDBNAME = "police" SID = "police" SYSPASSWORD = "123456" #SYS user password, note the same as before SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456" #SYSTEM user password CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
Start building the database, pay attention to execute the following commands with the oracle user
su - oracle /oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp
13. After completion, modify the content of the following listener.ora file and add the instance to it
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(Oracle_HOME = /oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = police)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = police)
)
)
14 Start the listener, start the database
su - oracle #Note that the following commands are executed with the oracle user /oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl stop LISTENER /oracle/db/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER sqlplus / as sysdba startup;
To this client can access the oracle server.
15. Configure oracle as a linux service that starts at boot
su - root vi /etc/init.d/oracle
The content of the script is:
#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: 2345 80 90
#description:auto_run
### END INIT INFO
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_USER=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/db
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=police
# see how we are called:
case $1 in
start)
su - "$ORACLE_USER"<<EOO
lsnrctl start
sqlplus /nolog<<EOS
connect / as sysdba
startup
EOS
emctl start dbconsole
EOO
touch /var/lock/subsys/$scriptname
;;
stop)
su - "$ORACLE_USER"<<EOO
lsnrctl stop
sqlplus /nolog<<EOS
connect / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
EOS
emctl stop dbconsole
EOO
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/scriptname
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
;;
esac
After saving the above script, set permissions, etc.
chown root.root /etc/init.d/oracle chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle service oracle start #Start service chkconfig oracle on #Set to start automatically at boot
16. There are some oracle parameters that can be further optimized, such as turning off auditing, archiving, modifying the maximum number of connected users, etc. In order to facilitate editing, you can consider installing a program that supports the sqlplus command to scroll up and down, see here for details
http://blog.itpub.net/16381228/viewspace-758767/
//Close the problem of empty table not allocating table space
alter system set deferred_segment_creation=false;
// close audit
alter system set audit_trail=FALSE scope=spfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
//close archive
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;