Find large files, large directories in Linux

In the Windows system, we can use the TreeSize tool to find some large files or folders, which is very convenient and efficient. In the Linux system, how to search for some relatively large files? Below I have sorted out how to find large files or folders in a Linux system.

1: How to find large files?

In fact, many times, you need to know which large files are in the current system, for example, the file size exceeds 100M or 1G (the threshold depends on the specific situation). So how to search out these large files? For example, I want to search for files over 800M in size in the current directory

 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# pwd 
   /u03 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1 
   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1 
   ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf 
   ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf 
   ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf 
   ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf 
   ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf 
   ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf 
   ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf 
  

As shown in the above command, we can only see the file name of the file with a size of more than 800M, but we don't know the information of the file (for example, file size, file attribute), so can we display some file attributes or information in more detail? , of course, as follows

 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2782846976 Mar  6 11:51 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1878433792 Mar  6 11:53 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1378492416 Mar  6 11:54 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1641381888 Mar  6 11:56 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1564065792 Mar  6 11:58 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1663492096 Mar  6 12:00 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368244224 Mar  6 12:02 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629069312 Mar  6 12:04 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629954048 Mar  6 12:06 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1202192384 Mar  6 12:07 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1189388288 Mar  6 12:10 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1089257472 Mar  6 12:11 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1097687040 Mar  6 12:12 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1051009024 Mar  6 12:13 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:07 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4194312192 Apr  1 22:36 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:54 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:57 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  1 22:35 ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:55 ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf 
   -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:15 ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf 
  

当我们只需要查找超过800M大小文件，并显示查找出来文件的具体大小，可以使用下面命令

 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h 
3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1 
1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1 
2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1 
2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1 
5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1 
1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1 
3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1 
   1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1 
8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1 
1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf 
0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf 
  

如果你还需要对查找结果按照文件大小做一个排序，那么可以使用下面命令

 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr 
   1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1 
1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf 
1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf 
0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1 
8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1 
6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1 
5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1 
3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1 
3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1 
2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1 
2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1 
1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1 
1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1 
  

不过如上截图所示，有时候排列的顺序并不完全是按大小一致，这个是因为du命令的参数h所致，你可以统一使用使用MB来显示，这样就能解决这个问题。到这里，这个在Linux系统查找大文件的命令已经非常完美了，当然如果你还有很多的需求，那么可以在这个命令上做修改、调整.

2: 如何查找Linux下的大目录

譬如有时候磁盘空间告警了，而你平时又疏于管理、监控文件的增长，那么我需要快速的了解哪些目录变得比较大，那么此时我们可以借助du命令来帮我们解决这个问题。

 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=1 
   16K     ./lost+found 
   33G     ./flash_recovery_area 
   37G     ./oradata 
   70G     . 
  

如果你想知道flash_recovery_area目录下面有哪些大文件夹，那么可以将参数max-depth=2 ，如果你想对搜索出来的结果进行排序，那么可以借助于sort命令。如下所示

 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# du -h --max-depth=2 | sort -n 
   3.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS 
   16K     ./lost+found 
   29G     ./flash_recovery_area/backup 
   33G     ./flash_recovery_area 
   37G     ./oradata 
   37G     ./oradata/epps 
   70G     . 
   [root@getlnx01 u03]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n 
   1       ./lost+found 
   3527    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS 
   29544   ./flash_recovery_area/backup 
   33070   ./flash_recovery_area 
   37705   ./oradata 
   37705   ./oradata/epps 
   70775   . 
  

[root@getlnx01 u03]# cd /

[root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

有时候搜索出来的结果太多了（譬如，我从根目录开始搜索），一直在刷屏，如果我只想查出最大的12个文件夹，怎么办呢？此时就要借助head命令来显示了

 
   [root@getlnx01 /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -nr | head -12 
   407480  . 
   167880  ./u04 
   158685  ./u02/oradata 
   158685./u02 
   152118  ./u04/oradata 
   70775 ./u03 
   37705   ./u03/oradata 
   33070   ./u03/flash_recovery_area 
   5995    ./u01/app 
   5995 ./u01 
   3551    ./usr 
   1558    ./usr/share 
   [root@getlnx01 /]# 
  

Find large files, large directories in Linux

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