CSS Advanced Layout Tips

CSS Advanced Layout Tips

• Use :empty to distinguish empty elements

We hope that we can treat empty elements and non-empty elements differently, so there are two solutions.
Use :empty to select empty elements:

.item:empty {
  display: none;
}

• Or use :not(:empty) to select non-empty elements:

.item:not(:empty) {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  /* ... */
}

Select elements with :*-Of-Type

• Bold the first p paragraph:

p:first-of-type {
  font-weight: bold;
}

• Add a border to the last img:

img:last-of-type {
  border: 10px solid #ccc;
}

Style unconnected blockquotes:

blockquote:only-of-type {
  border-left: 5px solid #ccc;
  padding-left: 2em;
}

Let p paragraphs of odd columns die red first:

p:nth-of-type(even) {
  color: red;
}

In addition, :nth-of-type can have other types of parameters:

/* 偶数个 */
:nth-of-type(even)

/* only 第三个 */
:nth-of-type(3)

/* 每第三个 */
:nth-of-type(3n)

/* 每第四加三个，即 3, 7, 11, ... */
:nth-of-type(4n+3)

Use calc to do fluid layout
Left, middle and right fluid layout:

nav {
  position: fixed;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 5rem;
  height: 100%;
}

aside {
  position: fixed;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 20rem;
  height: 100%;
}

main {
  margin-left: 5rem;
  width: calc(100% - 25rem);
}

Use vw and vh to do full-screen scrolling effects
vw and vh are relative to the viewport, so they will not change with the content and layout.

section {
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;

  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-attachment: fixed;
}

section:nth-of-type(1) {
  background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1068');
}
section:nth-of-type(2) {
  background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1073');
}
section:nth-of-type(3) {
  background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1047');
}
section:nth-of-type(4) {
  background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1032');
}

body {
  margin: 0;
}
p {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 100px;
  font-family: monospace;
}

CSS Reset with unset

body {
  color: red;
}
button {
  color: white;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

/* 取消 section 中 button 的 color 设置 */
section button {
  color: unset;
}

Responsive column layout with column

nav {
  column-count: 4;
  column-width: 150px;
  column-gap: 3rem;
  column-rule: 1px dashed #ccc;
  column-fill: auto;
}

h2 {
  column-span: all;
}