Delete the partition and format the disk directly without partitioning it
[root@centos-01 ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000d9f36
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4605951 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4605952 62914559 29154304 83 Linux
磁盘 /dev/sdb：10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节，20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x59b95324
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 6293503 3145728 83 Linux
[root@centos-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
磁盘 /dev/sdb：10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节，20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x59b95324
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 6293503 3145728 83 Linux
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：d
已选择分区 1
分区 1 已删除
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@centos-01 ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000d9f36
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 4605951 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 4605952 62914559 29154304 83 Linux
磁盘 /dev/sdb：10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节，20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x59b95324
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
[root@centos-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb
mkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb appears to contain a partition table (dos).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
[root@centos-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb
meta-data=/dev/sdb isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@centos-01 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: UUID="a67697f8-fc8d-4791-b946-1c0da17b0929" TYPE="xfs"
mount command
[root@centos-01 ~]# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=490008k,nr_inodes=122502,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=29,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12652)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99972k,mode=700)
- '-o ro': hang in read-only mode
- '-o rw': hang in read-write mode
- '-o remount': remount an already mounted filesystem in a different way
- '-o sync': execute in sync mode
- '-o async': turn on async mode
Temporarily mount /dev/sdb to the /mnt/ directory
[root@centos-01 ~]# mount /dev/sdb /mnt/
[root@centos-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 28G 1018M 27G 4% /
devtmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb 10G 33M 10G 1% /mnt
[root@centos-01 ~]# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=490008k,nr_inodes=122502,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=29,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12652)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99972k,mode=700)
/dev/sdb on /mnt type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
umount unmount disk
[root@centos-01 ~]# umount /dev/sdb
[root@centos-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 28G 1018M 27G 4% /
devtmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
If the device is busy, the uninstallation fails. A common reason for unmounting failures is that the current directory of an open shell is a directory in the mount point.
- ‘-l’：-l /
--lazy，Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.)
/etc/fstab configuration file
This configuration file is each partition that needs to be mounted when the system starts.
[root@centos-01 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Dec 27 05:22:07 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7937310f-8352-4bb5-b636-db926e6cce9f / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=a62921ab-cabd-4858-9e00-8bcc4c9ece45 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=063c3fa9-2cd6-4ae8-b6cd-9e00ef669d36 swap swap defaults 0 0
- The first column is the identifier of the partition. You can write the LABEL of the partition, the UUID of the partition, or the partition name (/dev/sdb).
- The second column is the mount point.
- The third column is the format of the partition.
- The fourth column is some mount parameters of mount. Under normal circumstances, you can directly write defaults.
- The number in the fifth column indicates whether it was backed up by dump. If it is, it is 1 here, otherwise it is 0.
- The sixth column is whether the disk is self-checked when booting. Both 1 and 2 indicate detection, and 0 indicates no detection. In Redhat/CentOS, there is another argument for 1 and 2. The '/' root partition must be set to 1, and only one 1 is allowed in the entire fstab. There is a priority argument here. 1 has a higher priority than 2, so check 1 first, and then check 2. If there are multiple partitions that need to be powered on, then set them to 2. After 1 is checked, 2 will be checked at the same time.
- You can use the man command to view the detailed description of the fstab file
[root@centos-01 ~]# man fstabEdit /etc/fstabconfiguration file
[root@centos-01 ~]# vi /etc/fstabadd a line
/dev/sdb /mnt xfs defaults 0 0
Save and exit. If the added information is incorrect, for example, the disk does not exist, an error will occur when the system starts. At this time, follow the system prompts and /etc/fstabdelete the line you added.
[root@centos-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 28G 1018M 27G 4% /
devtmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
[root@centos-01 ~]# mount -a
[root@centos-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 28G 1018M 27G 4% /
devtmpfs 479M 0 479M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb 10G 33M 10G 1% /mnt
'-a' option to mount:
- '-a': mount all filesystems described in the file "/etc/fstab"
blkid command
The blkid command can get the UUID and format of the partition
[root@centos-01 ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb: UUID="a67697f8-fc8d-4791-b946-1c0da17b0929" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="a62921ab-cabd-4858-9e00-8bcc4c9ece45" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="063c3fa9-2cd6-4ae8-b6cd-9e00ef669d36" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="7937310f-8352-4bb5-b636-db926e6cce9f" TYPE="xfs"