Hard Disk Identification in Linux
Generally, the "fdisk -l" command can be used to list the currently connected hard disks in the system.
Device and partition information. The new hard disk has no partition information, only the hard disk size information is displayed.
1. Turn off the server and add a new hard disk
shutdown -r
reboot
2. Start the server and log in as root user
3. View hard disk information
fdisk -l
or df -h
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004406e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2589 20480000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2589 2850 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 2850 5222 19057664 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2850 5222 19056640 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x14b52796 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
4. Create a new hard disk partition command parameters
fdisk can use the m command to view the internal commands of the fdisk command:
a: command to specify the boot partition;
d: command to delete an existing partition;
l: command to display a list of partition ID numbers;
m: to view the fdisk command help;
n: command to create A new partition;
p: command to display the partition list;
t: command to modify the type ID number of the partition;
w: command to save the modification to the partition table to make it work.
5. Go to the disk and partition the disk
fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help):n Command action e extended // Enter e to create an extended partition p primary partition ( 1 - 4 ) // Enter p to create a logical partition p Partion number( 1 - 4 ): 1 // Enter l here to enter the logical partition stage; First cylinder ( 51 - 125 , default 51 ): // Note: This is the Start value of the partition; it is best to directly Press Enter, if you enter a non-default number, it will cause a waste of space; Using default value 51 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK ( 51 - 125 , default 125 ): +200M Note: This is a definition For the partition size, +200M means the size is 200M; of course, you can also calculate it according to the size of the unit cylinder indicated by p, and then specify the value of End. Look back and see how it is calculated; it is still more intuitive to use the method of +200M to add. If you want to add a partition with a size of about 10G, please enter + 10000M; Command (m for help): w // Finally enter w and press Enter to save.
Take a look at fdisk -l and you can see the /dev/sdb1 partition.
6. Format the partition
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 //Note: Format /dev/sdb1 as ext3, ext4, etc. The specific choice depends on what kind of file system you need, or refer to the mounted disk through df -h.
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) filesystem label = Operating System: Linux block size = 4096 (log= 2 ) chunk size = 4096 (log= 2 ) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 640848 inodes, 2562359 blocks 128117 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block = 0 Maximum filesystem blocks = 2625634304 79 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8112 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Writing to inode table: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
This is formatted, we can mount the partition with mount, and then use the file system;
7. Create a disk mount directory
mkdir /data1
8. Start to mount the partition
mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
Or you can:
vim /etc/fstab #Modify the table of disk mounts, add the last line:
/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0
9. Check the hard disk size and mounted partitions
df -h
10. Configure automatic mount at startup
Because the mount will fail after restarting the server, you need to write the partition information to the /etc/fstab file to make it permanently mounted:
vim /etc/fstab
join in:
/dev/sdb1 (disk partition) /data1 (mount directory) ext3 (file format) defaults 0 0
11. Restart the system
This depends on the system. Some systems need to be restarted, and some do not. As for whether they are needed or not, you can execute the command df -h after mount -a to check whether the mount is successful. If there is no restart, the mount is successful. , you don't need to restart.