rpm warehouse construction and kickstart in linux

Others 2022-04-27 13:53:31 views: 0

First, let's build an experimental environment and download several installation packages to facilitate command demonstration:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@localhost mnt]# ls
[root@localhost mnt]# mkdir software   将软件包归纳到software
[root@localhost mnt]# ls
software
[root@localhost mnt]# cd software/
[root@localhost software]# ls
从桌面文件夹内将安装包传到虚拟机的/mnt/software/路径下面。
[kiosk@foundation84 Desktop]$ scp /home/kiosk/Desktop/1234/* root@172.25.254.121:/mnt/software
root@172.25.254.121's password: 
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm  100%   29KB  29.2KB/s   00:00    
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm  100%   29KB  29.1KB/s   00:00    
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm                 100% 4928KB   4.8MB/s   00:00    
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm       100%   78MB  78.4MB/s   00:01    
[root@localhost software]# ls    传递过去的安装包
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm

The specific command demonstration is relatively simple. The remote transmission using scp is a simple command.
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The format and parameters of the rpm command:

rpm
rpm       -ivh name.rpm                 安装，-v显示过程，-h指定加密方式为hash
rpm        -e name                          卸载,卸载写的是软件名字而不是安装包名字
rpm       -ql                          表示在系统哪些位置安装了软件
rpm       -qc                          查询软件的配置文件
rpm       -qd                          查询软件的文档，以及说明文件
rpm       -qlp  name.rpm                   软件包如果安装了在系统安装位置
rpm       -qa | grep httpd                     查看安装了那些软件，| 表示过滤
rpm       -q                                   查看软件安装了没有
rpm       -qa |grep name                       查看软件是否安装
rpm       -qp   name.rpm                       查询软件包安装在系统之后叫什么名字
rpm       -qf   filename                       查询某个文件属于哪个安装包
rpm       -qi   name                           表示查看软件信息
rpm        -p                                  表示查看软件包时加p
rpm        -qp  name.rpm --scripts             查询软件在安装或卸载过程中执行的动作
rpm        -ivh   name.rpm --force             强制安装，但不能忽略依赖性
rpm        -ivh   name.rpm --force --nodeps    忽略依赖性并强制安装
rpm        -Kv    name.rpm                     检测软件包是否被篡改

A few points to note:
--nodeps means ignore dependencies.
–force stands for force, only for forced installation.
The difference between -qa and -q is that the former is vague and the latter is an exact match.
Demonstration of rpm command:

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm --nodeps 忽略依赖性安装
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    file /usr/bin from install of linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-18.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm --nodeps --force 忽略依赖性强制安装
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1             ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost software]# rpm -qc openssh-server    查看软件的配置文件
/etc/pam.d/sshd
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/sysconfig/sshd
[root@localhost software]# rpm -qd openssh-server    查看软件的说明文档
/usr/share/man/man5/moduli.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sftp-server.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/sshd.8.gz
[root@localhost software]# rpm -Kv linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.back.rpm    检测软件包是否被篡改
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm:
    Header SHA1 digest: OK (9893064ebb5d9966a7e061e1c2017d189f5a8100)
    MD5 digest: OK (5b35ffaf802861b72c0f2a615effdfdc)
[ro[root@localhost software]# ls
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost software]# cp linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.back.rpm  复制一个安装包改名字进行篡改实验
[root@localhost software]# ls
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.back.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost software]# echo hello >>linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.back.rpm 将hello重定向到安装包里面
[root@localhost software]# rpm -Kv linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.back.rpm  检测安装包已经被损坏
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.back.rpm:
    Header SHA1 digest: OK (9893064ebb5d9966a7e061e1c2017d189f5a8100)
    MD5 digest: BAD Expected(5b35ffaf802861b72c0f2a615effdfdc) != (859a597856638c57ea82ed3056f2dcad)
ot@localhost software]# rpm -qf /bin/ls    查看文件属于哪个软件包
coreutils-8.22-11.el7.x86_64

Installation:
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Change the contents of the installation package to tamper with:
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The construction of third-party software warehouses, gpgcheck represents third-party software.
Put all rpm software packages in one directory, which can only store
rpm
files
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/xxx.repo (file content)
[software]
name=software
baseurl=file:///rpm storage directory
gpgcheck=0
yum clean all
Build network source, install httpd, close firewall, disable Turn off the firewall and enable httpd to start automatically at boot

[root@localhost software]# ls
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost software]# createrepo  .  生成软件数据包
Spawning worker 0 with 4 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@localhost software]# ls
FluffyMcAwesome-A-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
FluffyMcAwesome-B-6.4.0-11.r19335.x86_64.rpm
linuxqq-v1.0.2-beta1.i386.rpm
repodata                                 已经生成
wps-office-10.1.0.5672-1.a21.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost software]# cd repodata/  
[root@localhost software]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel_dvd.repo   编辑文件
[root@localhost software]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Cleaning repos: software source7.0
Cleaning up everything
[root@localhost software]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: langpacks
source7.0                                                | 4.1 kB     00:00     
(1/2): source7.0/group_gz                                  | 134 kB   00:00     
(2/2): source7.0/primary_db                                | 3.4 MB   00:00     
repo id                              repo name                            status
source7.0                            source7.0                            4,305
repolist: 4,305
[root@localhost software]# cp -r /mnt/software/ /var/www/html/
cp: cannot create directory ‘/var/www/html/’: No such file or directory  复制不了的原因就是我们必须下载共享然后打开httpd关闭防火墙

[root@localhost software]# yum install httpd -y    安装后就可以共享

Complete!

[root@localhost software]# systemctl start httpd   开启服务
[root@localhost software]# systemctl enable httpd  开机自启动
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
[root@localhost software]# systemctl stop firewalld  关闭防火墙
[root@localhost software]# systemctl disable firewalld 开机关闭
rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'
rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'
[root@localhost software]# cp -r /mnt/software/  /var/www/html/  这样就可以复制

Generate software data package:
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Build a third-party software source repository:
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File content: To
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build a network source, first install Apache
yum install httpd -y, and you can copy it after the build is complete.
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Test whether it is set up well:
Since these operations are done on the virtual machine, we test on the real machine, open the Firefox browser and enter 172.25.254.121/software/ The ip entered here is the virtual machine.
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If we don't want to view the software that we don't need when the software comes out, we need to shield some software in the yum repository.

[root@localhost ~]# yum list 内容较多不展示
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
写入exclude=*.i686
[root@localhost ~]# yum list 查看时就没有了32位的安装包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list linuxqq  查看Linuxqq的安装包
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Installed Packages
linuxqq.i386                                     v1.0.2-beta1                                     installed
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
写入exclude=*.i686 *.i386
[root@localhost ~]# yum list linuxqq  出来包的原因是linuxqq已经被我安装
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Installed Packages
linuxqq.i386                                     v1.0.2-beta1                                     installed
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e linuxqq  卸载linuxqq
[root@localhost ~]# yum list linuxqq  查看包的时候已经被屏蔽
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Error: No matching Packages to list

Shielding 32-bit installation package file writing:
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shielding linuxqq file writing:
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Operation demonstration:
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Kickstart Overview
Using kickstart, a system administrator can create a file that contains answers to all frequently asked questions during installation so that a virtual machine can be installed directly.
package system-config-kickstart
install yum install syatem-config-kickstart

[root@localhost software]# yum install httpd system-config-kickstart -y    安装阿帕奇和kickstart
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# system-config-kickstart  打开设置问题答案界面，进行配置以保证虚拟机可以自动安装。(用真机连接虚拟机时必须加-X开启图形以显示界面)
[root@localhost mnt]# systemctl start httpd   打开阿帕奇
[root@localhost mnt]# systemctl stop firewalld  关闭防火墙
然后在真机输入172.25.254.121/ks.cfg就可以看到自己刚才的操作。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
ks.cfg  software
[root@localhost html]# vim ks.cfg
%packages
@base
lftp
%end 
[root@localhost html]# ksvalidator ks.cfg  只可以检查语法

Install Apache and kickstart, open the setting problem interface:
add -X when connecting to the virtual machine to open the graphics.
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Set the first step, password:
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set the second step, set the http
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setting The third step:
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set the fourth step:
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click add at the bottom to add a partition:
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set the fifth step, add a dynamic network:
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set the sixth step, default:
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set the seventh step, turn off the firewall.
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The latter are all defaults, and then click the file to save it to /var/www/html, and then close.
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Open Apache, close the firewall:
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enter 172.25.254.121/ks.cfg on the real machine to test: the
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virtual machine operation is completed:
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edit the file content:
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Next, operate on the real machine: this must be configured with dhcp before the experiment can be performed.

在真机：回去必须在有dhcp情况下实验。
[root@foundation21 mnt]# vim westos.sh 编辑脚本
#!/bin/bash
virt-install \
--ram 1024 \
--cpus 1 \
--disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/$1.qcow2,size=8,bus=virtio \
--name $1 \
--network source=br0,model=virtio \
--location http://172.25.254.21/source7.2 \
--extra-args "ks=http://172.25.254.121/ks.cfg" &
[root@foundation21 mnt]# chmod +x /mnt/westos.sh  赋予权限
[root@foundation21 mnt]# /mnt/westos.sh srr  调用

We can see that it will install itself by calling it.
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My real machine is version 7.1, so the script writes 7.1.
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Because it has been permanently mounted before, it can be viewed through the df command.

[root@foundation84 mnt]# df  查看挂载
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda12     124457600 56178124  68279476  46% /
devtmpfs         3863288        0   3863288   0% /dev
tmpfs            3873420      504   3872916   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs            3873420     9372   3864048   1% /run
tmpfs            3873420        0   3873420   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda10        198380   105644     92736  54% /boot
/dev/sda9         204580     9700    194880   5% /boot/efi
/dev/loop0       3654720  3654720         0 100% /var/www/html/source7.0
/dev/loop1       3798292  3798292         0 100% /var/www/html/source7.1

View Mount: The
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installation process:
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The login user password can enter the virtual machine, and the virtual machine is successfully established.
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