spatial data
Author: A Zhen
Email : [email protected]
Blog: https://blog.csdn.net/theonegis/article/details/80089375
Modification time: 2018-05-06
Statement: This article is an original article by the blogger, please note for reprinting Ming original source
Vector data
Vector data is an object-based spatial data description model. Vector data describes spatial entities using objects (points, lines, faces) and the relationships between them.
Common vector data formats:
- ESRI Shapefile (Shapefile is a widely used data format for storing GIS data based on files. A Shapefile file is made of at least three files, shp, dbf, and shx, which store the geometric information, attribute information and indexes of spatial objects respectively. information.
- ESRI Personal Geodatabase (a data format for spatial data storage based on Microsoft's Access database, which can store both vector data and raster data)
- ESRI File Geodatabase (file-based storage using the Geodatabase data model, cross-platform)
- OGC GML (Geography Markup Language, based on XML file format, international standard)
- KML (Keyhole Markup Language, based on XML file format, Google Earth dedicated spatial data format)
- GeoJSON (a markup language for representing spatial entities based on the JSON data format)
Raster data (Raster)
Raster data is based on field-based models that treat spatial objects and phenomena as continuous variables or volumes.
Common raster data formats:
- GeoTIFF (Geographic Tagged Image File Format, industry image standard file (.tif or .tiff) for GIS and satellite remote sensing applications)
- ERDAS Imagine (specific data format (.img) for ERDAS software)
- ENVI format (ENVI uses a binary file (.dat or .bin) and a text header file to store raster data (.hdr)
- HDF (Hierarchical Data Format, developed by the US National Center for Advanced Computer Applications, MODIS data uses this format, the current version HDF5)
- NetCDF (Network Common Data Form, developed by the American University Association for Atmospheric Research, widely used in the field of atmospheric environment (.nc) NetCDF4 is based on HDF5)
Spatial database
- Oracle Spatial and Graph （GeoSpatial，GeoRaster）
- PostGIS (supports raster vector data)
- OGC GeoPackage (data storage specification based on SQLLite data)