The case of numbers:
a = 5 , b = 5.2，c = "123456789"
The most common right alignment: print("%3d"%a) outputs 5 (details: two spaces before 5)
print("%10.3f"%b) outputs 5.200 (details: 10 means the entire output occupies 10 spaces, the decimal point space is also counted, 3 means there are three digits after the decimal point, if not enough, add 0)
print("%.3f"%b) outputs 5.200 (details: it means that there are three digits after the decimal point, if it is not enough, it will be filled with 0)
String case:
Same as numbers, except %s is used instead of %d, %f
print("%.3s"%c) outputs 123
print("%10.3s"%c) outputs 123 (details: 7 spaces before 1)
In the case of left alignment, just print("%-3d"%a) will do.
Personally, I feel that the print function has some similarities with the printf format in the c language.