blockchain. Why do you want to talk about the blockchain, because it is too popular, and how popular is it. The digital currency
Bitcoin built on the blockchain has multiplied millions of times since it was born. That is millions of times. You gave your son the money to buy popsicles and let your son buy bitcoin back then. Now you They're all millionaire dads.
In addition, everyone has been immersed in some blockchain introductions, media publicity, and even listened to some blockchain experts, but they always feel that all kinds of high-level, seem to understand but not understand.
So what exactly is blockchain? What problem can it solve? Is blockchain valuable? Brothers, let's uncover the beauty of the blockchain little by little to see if it is beautiful or not.
1. The background of the blockchain - decentralization (the drawbacks of the central organization lead people to go to the center)
The organizational form of human dominated by the centralized form , the center has the final say, at home Your mother has the final say or your wife has the final say. In the company, the boss of the company has the final say, and in the government, the mayor has the final say. Our economic form has gradually formed a central dominance. BAT is the Internet center right of our great motherland. They have the final say. Looking at other industries, they are basically monopolized by giants. Oil is Sinopec and PetroChina; movies are the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television; the telecommunications industry is mobile telecommunications, which is monopolized by them;
Why should it be centralized: the center does something wrong, who will restrain it, the boss decides to cherish the couple; the center disappears, everything disappears, the money is in Alipay, what if Alipay dies; the center can tamper with history, Japanese devils are right The history of aggression against China should be deleted in China, and Japanese children will not be able to see the real history. Etc., etc. .
Some smart liberals have wondered if there is any technical means to achieve separation from the center. In 2009, Bitcoin appeared. This currency has no sovereign state. It is jointly maintained by the global members participating in the currency operation system. Yes, it has been running for nearly ten years, and it is still running stably. This shows that decentralization is possible.
Mining the underlying technology of Bitcoin is to use blockchain technology to achieve decentralization. Can we use blockchain technology? Absolutely, as long as this technology can achieve decentralization. However, no other technology has yet been found to surpass blockchain in the field of decentralization.
2. The core problem solved by the blockchain - consensus (how to decentralize - to solve the consensus problem)
The interpretation of consensus, everyone agrees on a problem.
In a centralized structure, it is too easy to achieve this goal. The boss has set a goal, and the following is acceptable, and an agreement will be reached soon. Whoever dares to say no, if you say no, you will get out, and the rest is still an agreement. There is a problem here. The organization is strongly dependent on the boss. If the boss has a problem, the organization will be finished. There are no tigers in the mountains, and the beasts are in chaos. Of course, there are also advantages, and the efficiency is high. You say that a person makes a decision faster, or a group of people make a decision faster.
In a decentralized architecture, is it easy for everyone to reach an agreement? I'll talk about the results first, it's more difficult. Zhang San has an idea, Li Si has an idea, Wang Wu has no idea, and Zhao Liu doesn't listen to anyone, is it difficult to kill. This is when everyone is together and can hear each other's opinions, so it's so difficult.
To change to a more complicated situation, there are seven members in a family, distributed on seven continents. Everyone can't meet each other, and they can't make phone calls. They can only pass on books by flying pigeons. The pigeons may be beaten down by some bear child to eat meat, or by whom. The troublemaker has changed the content of the biography. This is complicated, but this situation is basically the same as the actual Internet network environment. Therefore, we eliminated the central structure, and the core problem to be solved by the non-central structure is how to reach an agreement—a consensus.
Solving the consensus problem solves the problem of decentralization.
3. The core functions implemented by the blockchain---distributed storage, consensus, and immutability (decentralization requires as many storage nodes as possible---distributed storage; everyone must agree on the storage content--- Consensus; to reach a consensus on a problem, then the content accepted by everyone cannot be tampered with)
Let me help you imagine the technology that realizes distributed storage, consensus, and cannot be tampered with, and maps it to the real world What kind of scene is it?
In the Internet world, there is a decentralized technology system ecosystem called No Knife Group. There are 10,000 machines that are members of this decentralized organization. 1. For each problem, each machine in the organization has to go through a process of reaching a common consensus with all other machines to store the consensus conclusion of the problem in local storage. 2. In the process of network transmission, this problem cannot be intercepted and corrected by others, and at the same time, the conclusion that has been reached and stored by consensus cannot be changed without permission.
Through this scene, have you discovered that consensus is the soul of decentralization? Have you found that after decentralization, the storage cost will increase hundreds or thousands of times. Have you ever noticed that once a stain is left in a decentralized tissue, it will never be washed away for a lifetime.
The consensus process here is known as mining (in terms of writing a separate technical article after mining), and mining means reaching a consensus.
The content here cannot be changed, it involves the content of cryptography (cryptography will be discussed separately in the future, you can ignore it)
4. How does the blockchain realize the three major decentralized functions (the three major decentralized functions) Functions: distributed storage, consensus, non-tampering)
The simplified structure diagram of the blockchain is as follows:
If you look at it this way, do you know why everyone calls this technology blockchain? If you still don’t understand, Just look at this picture a few more times, hahaha
Distributed storage, each member node must save the data of the entire chain (the specific subdivision will not be discussed, the subdivision will have some functional roles, which may not be stored)
The generation of each block is generated after everyone reaches a consensus , also known as mining generation, how to reach a consensus, there are a lot of algorithms, you can talk about it for several days.
It cannot be tampered with. The blockchain is guaranteed by cryptography technology. It is not expanded.
5. Why is it designed in the form of blockchain instead of other forms? Let’s talk about it separately. Don’t delve into the
extra part: Bitcoin How did you mine, chat about the consensus algorithm of Bitcoin?
There is a decentralized village called Hanzi Village. It is very democratic and has no village chief. It is a village governed by the whole people. And the men in the village are all men of marriageable age. Since there are very few girls in Shili Ba Village, every time one or several girls come over to the village, they will face the dilemma of who to assign the girls to.
Because there is no village chief in the village, the village has a method of democratic choice, and the girls choose men on a first-come-first-served basis. Every man who is ready for marriage is required to go to the clothing storeroom to choose clothes to wear. The girl has her own aesthetic standards and will look at the man she thinks looks good in a certain dress. If the man is not selected, he can continue to choose clothes to wear, and then let the girl see it, until the girl sees that a certain man looks appropriate after wearing clothes, then the girl and the man enter the bridal chamber.
This is the consensus process of Bitcoin.
Married man: Mining participant
Girl : block
Clothes selection: mining process
Girl looks at a certain dress: verification of mining results
Let everyone choose clothes and choose the right clothes, this is mining Mining algorithm, everyone is a question.
Girls choose the clothes they like. People like a variety of clothes, which means that there is not only one answer in the mining algorithm.
Some men have good physical strength and change 100 clothes in an hour, while others only change. 1 piece of clothing, the quickest change is the high computing power of the mining machine
When a man chooses clothes for the first time, the girl likes it. So, the machine with high computing power must calculate the result first, not necessarily, it just means that the machine with high computing power has a high probability of calculating the result first. It takes energy and physical strength for
men to change clothes, so mining requires electricity and time
Why this can reach a consensus? The verification standard for girls who like a certain dress is open, so when someone finds this dress, everyone can verify it, so that everyone agrees with this consensus.
There will be two people who choose the girl's favorite clothes at the same time. This is the fork of the blockchain. The mining algorithm selects the longest chain by default and abandons the short chain, that is, the girls form a chain. If two people At the same time, the probability of choosing a favorite clothes is 0.001. Then two forks generate three blocks at the same time, and the probability is 0.001*0.001*0.001. Therefore, Bitcoin generates six blocks to determine that this girl really belongs to you. .
The tide of blockchain has come. It is also helpful for us to understand some blockchain, especially the idea of
decentralization . After reading it, if you meet someone who is destined to
have ape, you can pay attention to the WeChat public account.
