selenium2 learning: browser operation: element positioning

Such as Baidu search box:

Baidu news link:

1.1.1 Ordinary positioning

id：find_element_by_id(“kw”)

name： find_element_by_name(“wd”)

class：find_element_by_class_name(“s_ipt”)

tag: find_element_by_tag_name("input") (same as button, generally not used)

link：find_element_by_link_text(“新闻”)

partial link: find_element_by_ partial_link_text("smell") (take part of the text link)

1.1.2 Xpath positioning

1.1.2.1 Absolute path

From /html to input.

1.1.2.2 Element attributes

copy xpath://*[@id="kw"]

find_element_by_xpath(” //*[@id="kw"]”)

find_element_by_xpath(” //input[@id="kw"]”)

Note: Attributes in xpath can also be located by name, class, and so on.

1.1.2.3 Parent properties

If the element to be located does not have an attribute value, it can be found through the parent or higher-level attribute.

find_element_by_xpath(” //span[@class="bg_s_ipt_wr"]/input”)

1.1.2.4 Logical Operators

Multiple attributes of multiple elements are not unique, and an element cannot be located through one attribute, but can be located through multiple attributes.

find_element_by_xpath(” //input[@id=’kw’ and @class=’su’] /span/input”)

1.1.3 css positioning

See the W3CSschool website for details.

CSS path copy method: chrome: F12, copy -- copy selector

Such as Baidu search box

<span class="bg s_ipt_wr quickdelete-wrap">

<span class="soutu-btn"></span>

<input id="kw" name="wd" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="255" autocomplete="off">

<a href="javascript:;" id="quickdelete" title="清空" class="quickdelete" style="top: 0px; right: 0px; display: none;">

</a>

</span>

1.1.3.1 Class：.

class：find_element_by_css_selector(“.s_ipt"”)

. Indicates that the element is located through the class attribute.

1.1.3.2 Id：#

id：find_element_by_css_selector("#kw")

# Indicates that the element is located by the id attribute.

1.1.3.3 Tag name

Tag name: find_element_by_css_selector("input") (high repeatability, low positioning accuracy)

1.1.3.3.1 Parent-child relationship positioning

find_element_by_css_selector("span>input")

1.1.3.3.2 Property Location

find_element_by_css_selector(“[name=’kw’]”)

find_element_by_css_selector(“[autocomplete=off]”)

find_element_by_css_selector(‘[type=”submit”]’)

1.1.3.3.3 Combined positioning

find_element_by_css_selector("form.fm>span>input.s_ipt") (parent-child relationship & class) find_element_by_css_selector("form.fm>span>input#kw") (parent-child relationship & id)

1.1.4 Comparison of Xpath and CSS Positioning

Target	XPath	CSS 3
all elements	//*	*
all P elements	//p	p
all child elements of the p element	//p/*	p > *
Get element by ID	//*[@id='foo']	#foo
Get element by class	//*[contains(@class,'foo')] 1	.foo
an element with an attribute	//*[@title]	*[title]
the first child of all P elements	//p/*[0]	p > *:first-child
all P elements that have child element a	//p[a]	can not achieve
next sibling element	//p/following-sibling::*[0]	p + *

id：find_element(By.ID,“kw”)1.1.5 By定位

name： find_element(By.NAME,“wd”)
class：find_element(By.CLASS_NAME,“s_ipt”)
tag: find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "input") (same as button, generally not used)
link：find_element(By.LINK_TEXT_text,“新闻”)
partial link: find_element(By. PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "smell") (take part of the text link)
Xpath：find_element(By.XPATH,“//*[@id=’kw’]”)
CSS：find_element(By.CSS,” #kw”)

Note: Before trying By, you need to introduce By:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By