paramiko is a python-based ssh2 remote secure connection that supports authentication and key methods. It can realize remote command execution, file transfer, intermediate ssh agent and other functions.
Install:
pip install paramiko或 easy_install paramiko
paramiko relies on 3rd party Crypto, Ecdsa and pyhton-devel
Core components:
SSHclient class
method:
connect(): remote ssh connection and verification
parameter:
hostname The target host to connect to
port=SSH_PORT specifies the port
username=None authenticated username
password=None authenticated user password
pkey=None private key method is used for authentication
key_filename=None A filename or list of filenames, specifying the private key file
timeout=None optional tcp connection timeout
allow_agent=True whether to allow connections to the ssh agent, the default is True to allow
look_for_keys=True whether to search for private key files in ~/.ssh, the default is True to allow
compress=False whether to turn on compression
sock=None
gss_auth=False
gss_kex = False
gss_deleg_creds=True
gss_host=None
banner_timeout=None
exec_command(): used to execute commands remotely, the input and output streams of the command are standard input, marked output, and standard error output
parameter:
command the command to execute
bufsize=-1 file buffer size
timeout=None set timeout
get_pty=False
load_system_host_key(): Load the system public key, the default is ~/.ssh/known_hosts
parameter:
filename=None specifies the local public key file
set_missing_host_key_policy(): Sets the policy when the connected remote host does not have a local host key or HostKeys object. Currently, three are supported, that is, there are only three parameters.
parameter:
AutoAddPolicy 自动添加主机名及主机密钥到本地的known_hosts，不依赖load_system_host_key的配置。即新建立ssh连接时不需要再输入yes或no进行确认
WarningPolicy 用于记录一个未知的主机密钥的python警告。并接受，功能上和AutoAddPolicy类似，但是会提示是新连接
RejectPolicy 自动拒绝未知的主机名和密钥，依赖load_system_host_key的配置。此为默认选项
用法：
set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
SFTPClient类
SFTPCLient作为一个sftp的客户端对象，根据ssh传输协议的sftp会话，实现远程文件操作，如上传、下载。
方法：
from_transport(cls,t) 创建一个已连通的SFTP客户端通道
put(localpath, remotepath, callback=None, confirm=True) 将本地文件上传到服务器 参数confirm：是否调用stat()方法检查文件状态，返回ls -l的结果
get(remotepath, localpath, callback=None) 从服务器下载文件到本地
mkdir() 在服务器上创建目录
remove() 在服务器上删除目录
rename() 在服务器上重命名目录
stat() 查看服务器文件状态
listdir() 列出服务器目录下的文件
使用ssh运行命令，采用明文密码认证方式，通过exec_command（）方法执行命令，示例如下
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import paramiko
hostname='172.31.101.61'
username='root'
password='abc@123'
paramiko.util.log_to_file('syslogin.log') #发送paramik日志到syslogin.log文件
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient() #创建一个ssh客户端client对象
ssh.load_system_host_keys() #获取客户端host_keys，默认~/.ssh/known_hosts,非默认路径需指定
ssh.connect(hostname=hostname,username=username,password=password) #创建ssh连接
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('free -m') #调用远程执行命令方法exec_command()
print stdout.read() #打印命令执行结果，得到python列表形式，可以用stdout.readlinses()
ssh.close() #关闭ssh连接
