Python_paramiko module usage

Paramiko is a module written in python language. It connects to the Linux server remotely, checks the log status above, configures remote servers in batches, uploads files, downloads files, etc., provides ssh and sftp for remote login server execution commands and upload and download files Features.
1. Realize SSH function based on username and password

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在known_hosts文件上的主机
# 即允许将信任的主机自动加入到host_allow 列表，此方法必须放在connect方法的前面
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname="192.168.0.99", port=22, username="root", password="rootroot")
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 结果放到stdout中，如果有错误将放到stderr中
result = stdout.read().decode()
# 获取错误提示（stdout、stderr只会输出其中一个）
err = stderr.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()
print(stdin, result, err)

Second, login
based on user name and password in transport mode. SSHClient is a traditional operation of connecting to the server, executing commands, and closing. Sometimes it is necessary to log in to the server to perform multiple operations, such as executing commands and uploading/downloading files. The above method cannot Realize, you can operate as follows

#SSHClient 封装 Transport
import paramiko
# 实例化一个transport对象
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.199.146', 22))
# 建立连接
transport.connect(username='fishman', password='9')
# 将sshclient的对象的transport指定为以上的transport
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
# 执行命令，和传统方法一样
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print (stdout.read().decode())
# 关闭连接
transport.close()

3. Realize SFTP function based on username and password

import paramiko
# 连接虚拟机centos上的ip及端口，实例化一个transport对象
transport = paramiko.Transport(("192.168.0.99", 22))
transport.connect(username="root", password="rootroot")
# 将实例化的Transport作为参数传入SFTPClient中
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将“calculator.py”上传到filelist文件夹中
sftp.put('D:\python库\Python_shell\day05\calculator.py', '/filelist/calculator.py')
# 将centos中的aaa.txt文件下载到桌面
sftp.get('/filedir/aaa.txt', r'C:\Users\duany_000\Desktop\test_aaa.txt')
transport.close()

Fourth, use the secret key to realize the SSH function

import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('id_rsa31')
# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.79.9', port=22, username='root', pkey=private_key)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ifconfig')
res_out = stdout.read()
print(res_out.decode())
ssh.close()

V. Key-based Transport mode login

# 指定本地的RSA私钥文件,如果建立密钥对时设置的有密码，password为设定的密码，如无不用指定password参数
pkey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/super/.ssh/id_rsa', password='12345')
# 建立连接
trans = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.2.129', 22))
trans.connect(username='super', pkey=pkey)

# 将sshclient的对象的transport指定为以上的trans
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = trans

# 执行命令，和传统方法一样
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df -hl')
print(stdout.read().decode())

# 关闭连接
trans.close()

Six, use the secret key to realize the SFTP function

import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('id_rsa31')
# 连接虚拟机centos上的ip及端口
transport = paramiko.Transport(("192.168.79.9", 22))
transport.connect(username="root", pkey=private_key)
# 将实例化的Transport作为参数传入SFTPClient中
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将“calculator.py”上传到filelist文件夹中
sftp.put('D:\python库\Python_shell\day05\calculator.py', '/filedir/calculator.py')
# 将centos中的aaa.txt文件下载到桌面
sftp.get('/filedir/oldtext.txt', r'C:\Users\duany_000\Desktop\oldtext.txt')
transport.close()

Seven, realize the function of inputting the command to return the result immediately

import paramiko
import os
import select
import sys

# 建立一个socket
trans = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.2.129', 22))
# 启动一个客户端
trans.start_client()

# 如果使用rsa密钥登录的话
'''
default_key_file = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
prikey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_key_file)
trans.auth_publickey(username='super', key=prikey)
'''
# 如果使用用户名和密码登录
trans.auth_password(username='super', password='super')
# 打开一个通道
channel = trans.open_session()
# 获取终端
channel.get_pty()
# 激活终端，这样就可以登录到终端了，就和我们用类似于xshell登录系统一样
channel.invoke_shell()
# 下面就可以执行你所有的操作，用select实现
# 对输入终端sys.stdin和 通道进行监控,
# 当用户在终端输入命令后，将命令交给channel通道，这个时候sys.stdin就发生变化，select就可以感知
# channel的发送命令、获取结果过程其实就是一个socket的发送和接受信息的过程
while True:
    readlist, writelist, errlist = select.select([channel, sys.stdin,], [], [])
    # 如果是用户输入命令了,sys.stdin发生变化
    if sys.stdin in readlist:
        # 获取输入的内容
        input_cmd = sys.stdin.read(1)
        # 将命令发送给服务器
        channel.sendall(input_cmd)

    # 服务器返回了结果,channel通道接受到结果,发生变化 select感知到
    if channel in readlist:
        # 获取结果
        result = channel.recv(1024)
        # 断开连接后退出
        if len(result) == 0:
            print("\r\n**** EOF **** \r\n")
            break
        # 输出到屏幕
        sys.stdout.write(result.decode())
        sys.stdout.flush()

# 关闭通道
channel.close()
# 关闭链接
trans.close()

8. Support Tab completion

import paramiko
import os
import select
import sys
import tty
import termios

'''
实现一个xshell登录系统的效果，登录到系统就不断输入命令同时返回结果
支持自动补全，直接调用服务器终端

'''
# 建立一个socket
trans = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.2.129', 22))
# 启动一个客户端
trans.start_client()

# 如果使用rsa密钥登录的话
'''
default_key_file = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
prikey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_key_file)
trans.auth_publickey(username='super', key=prikey)
'''
# 如果使用用户名和密码登录
trans.auth_password(username='super', password='super')
# 打开一个通道
channel = trans.open_session()
# 获取终端
channel.get_pty()
# 激活终端，这样就可以登录到终端了，就和我们用类似于xshell登录系统一样
channel.invoke_shell()

# 获取原操作终端属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
    # 将现在的操作终端属性设置为服务器上的原生终端属性,可以支持tab了
    tty.setraw(sys.stdin)
    channel.settimeout(0)

    while True:
        readlist, writelist, errlist = select.select([channel, sys.stdin,], [], [])
        # 如果是用户输入命令了,sys.stdin发生变化
        if sys.stdin in readlist:
            # 获取输入的内容，输入一个字符发送1个字符
            input_cmd = sys.stdin.read(1)
            # 将命令发送给服务器
            channel.sendall(input_cmd)

        # 服务器返回了结果,channel通道接受到结果,发生变化 select感知到
        if channel in readlist:
            # 获取结果
            result = channel.recv(1024)
            # 断开连接后退出
            if len(result) == 0:
                print("\r\n**** EOF **** \r\n")
                break
            # 输出到屏幕
            sys.stdout.write(result.decode())
            sys.stdout.flush()
finally:
    # 执行完后将现在的终端属性恢复为原操作终端属性
    termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

# 关闭通道
channel.close()
# 关闭链接
trans.close()

Nine, exec_command() function

The official explanation is:

    def exec_command(
        self,
        command,
        bufsize=-1,
        timeout=None,
        get_pty=False,
        environment=None,
    ):
        """
        Execute a command on the SSH server.  A new `.Channel` is opened and
        the requested command is executed.  The command's input and output
        streams are returned as Python ``file``-like objects representing
        stdin, stdout, and stderr.

        :param str command: the command to execute
        :param int bufsize:
            interpreted the same way as by the built-in ``file()`` function in
            Python
        :param int timeout:
            set command's channel timeout. See `.Channel.settimeout`
        :param bool get_pty:
            Request a pseudo-terminal from the server (default ``False``).
            See `.Channel.get_pty`
        :param dict environment:
            a dict of shell environment variables, to be merged into the
            default environment that the remote command executes within.

            .. warning::
                Servers may silently reject some environment variables; see the
                warning in `.Channel.set_environment_variable` for details.

        :return:
            the stdin, stdout, and stderr of the executing command, as a
            3-tuple

        :raises: `.SSHException` -- if the server fails to execute the command

        .. versionchanged:: 1.10
            Added the ``get_pty`` kwarg.
        """
        chan = self._transport.open_session(timeout=timeout)
        if get_pty:
            chan.get_pty()
        chan.settimeout(timeout)
        if environment:
            chan.update_environment(environment)
        chan.exec_command(command)
        stdin = chan.makefile_stdin("wb", bufsize)
        stdout = chan.makefile("r", bufsize)
        stderr = chan.makefile_stderr("r", bufsize)
        return stdin, stdout, stderr

usage:

ssh.exec_command('cd /home/nvidia/lf && python test.py'）
print(stdout.read())

This kind of information will only be displayed after the command is completed! However, when the file is executed, if you continue to output, you want to output one line and print one line, instead of outputting later, modify it to:

# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('cd /home/nvidia/lf && python test.py')
for line in iter(stdout.readline, ""):
       print(line, end="")
print('finished.')