| Guided reading | Nowadays, most of the definitions of hackers are derogatory, but in the development of computers, we cannot ignore the contributions they bring to us and promote the progress and development of human beings. |
The word hacker comes from the English hacker, which originally refers to computer experts who are obsessed with computer technology and have a high level of computer technology, especially program designers. But in media coverage, the term hacker often refers to those "software crackers."
Nowadays, most of the definitions of hackers are derogatory, but in the development of computers, we cannot ignore the contributions they bring to us and promote the progress and development of human beings.
Kevin Mitnick is known as the "Number One Computer Hacker" in the world.
In fact, his skills may not be the best among hackers, and even quite a few hackers are disgusted with him, thinking that he is an attack maniac who only uses attacks and does not understand technology, but his legendary hacking experience is enough to make the world feel guilty. The shock also made all network security personnel lose face.
Major achievements: He was the first hacker to appear on an FBI "Bounty to Catch" poster. At the age of 15, Mitnick broke into the computer mainframe of the North American Air Defense Command System. He and some other friends rummaged through the data of all the nuclear warheads pointed to the former Soviet Union and its allies by the United States, and then quietly slipped away. came out.
The incident has become a scandal for the U.S. military, and the Pentagon has been silent on it. Afterwards, Creighton, a well-known American military intelligence expert, once said: "If Mitnick sold the intelligence to the KGB at that time, he would have received at least $500,000 (about 3.1 million yuan) in remuneration. The United States would have to spend several A billion dollars to redeploy."
Dennis M Ritchie Dennis M Ritchie (also translated Dennis Ritchie), the father of the C language, the father of Unix (a multi-user computer operating system).
Born September 9, 1941, Ph.D. in Mathematics from Harvard University. Dennis M. Ritchie is Director of Systems Software Research at the Computer Science Research Center at Lucent Technologies' Bell Labs (formerly AT&T Labs). In 1978, Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie published the famous book "The C Programming Language", which has been translated into many languages and has become one of the most authoritative teaching materials in the C language.
When asked why Ritchie developed C the way he did, Ritchie replied "it looks good", saying that anyone in the same place and at the same time would do it like him. But many others thought it was just Dennis Leach and Ken Thompson reflecting Richie's modesty. "If Ritchie decides to spend that decade on weird math," says C++ developer and designer Biyani Straustrup, Ritchie's colleague at Bell Labs , then Unix will be dead."
Linus Torvalds is the most famous computer programmer and hacker in the world today. Inventor of the Linux kernel and collaborator of the project.
It seems that hackers in the world are creating source programs for their own lives. Linus is no exception. His home is on Kalevagatan (close to Kalevala) street not far from the city center. This is a place where 19th century architecture meets modern bungalows. Linus lives here with his wife. His home is very much like a dormitory for college students, and there are always rows of bicycles under the stairs.
Linus himself looked more like a student than a Ph.D. His room was lined with books, full of paintings and ornaments, rather cheap curtains, dried crocodile skin hanging between two armchairs, two arrogant cats and a couple of cats in the room. Computers: Three PCs, a Power Mac, and three Alpha chip-based microcomputers borrowed from DEC. They are unobtrusively arranged in the corners of the room. Another very interesting thing is not noticeable: it is a dedicated line to connect the computer, installed and paid for by a local ISP, it is a symbolic reward to the Linux doctor.
Main Achievement: It seems to be talking about dreams, and it seems to be an episode from "The X-Files". A 21-year-old Finnish college student wrote an operating system kernel-Linux in the student dormitory, and then released it to the public, attracting thousands of programmers to supplement, modify and disseminate it. In just a few years, he has With more than 10 million users, it has become the fastest growing software on the planet. Linus Torvalds is the most famous computer programmer and hacker in the world today. Inventor of the Linux kernel and collaborator of the project. Torvalds used his personal time and equipment to create one of the most popular operating system kernels in the world today. The evolution of free software from an industrial thought movement to a market business movement has changed the software industry and even the appearance of the IT industry.
Richard Matthew Stallman's main achievements: Veteran hacker.
In 1971 Richard Matthew Stallman, Stallman found a job on the street at MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He was an undergraduate at Harvard at the time. Later, Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation, breaking the notion that software is private property.
First exposure to computers: At IBM New York Science Center in 1969, at the age of 16. Own unique hacking tool: In the 1980s, Stallman took no MIT salary but continued to work in one of the offices. There he founded the GNU Organization - GNU is short for "GNU's Not Unix".
Little-known fact: Won the MacArthur Foundation $240,000 (about 1.49 million yuan) genius award.
The Most Influential Computer Personality of the 80's and 90's and the Most Influential Person in Hacking - Mitchell Kapoor
Kapoor graduated from Yale University in 1971. While in school, he majored in psychology, linguistics, and computer science. That's when he started
Mitchell Kapoor became interested in computers. He went on to graduate school. In the 1960s, dropping out was an option for many. You can live on just the fur of knowledge. In those years, Kapoor made $12,000 a year. He wandered aimlessly, becoming, as he later described his life during this period, a "knowledgeable gypsy."
In the mid-1980s, Kapoor and Gates were the twin stars of the American software industry. Founded Lotus in 1982 and served as CEO. Launched the personal computer "killer application" software Lotus1-2-3. In 1985, Lotus had a thousand employees and was the largest independent software company at that time. It wasn't until April 1988 that Microsoft surpassed Lotus as the number one software company. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), founded by Kapoor to safeguard the interests of hackers, is known as the American Civil Liberties Association (ACLU) of the computer industry. Kapoor also became one of the most influential computer personalities and hackers of the 1980s and 1990s.
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