int Scan() { int res = 0, ch, flag = 0; if ((ch = getchar()) == ' - ' ) // Determine positive and negative flag = 1 ; else if (ch >= ' 0 ' && ch <= ' 9 ' ) // get the complete number res = ch - ' 0 ' ; while((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9' ) res = res * 10 + ch - '0'; return flag ? -res : res; }