go struct nesting

A structure can be nested to contain another structure or structure pointer.

//Address 地址结构体
type Address struct {
    Province string
    City     string
}

//User 用户结构体
type User struct {
    Name    string
    Gender  string
    Address Address
}

func main() {
    
    //直接实例化该嵌套结构体
    user1 := User{
        Name:   "pprof",
        Gender: "女",
        Address: Address{
            Province: "黑龙江",
            City:     "哈尔滨",
        },
    }
    
    fmt.Printf("user1=%#v\n", user1)//user1=main.User{Name:"pprof", Gender:"女", Address:main.Address{Province:"黑龙江", City:"哈尔滨"}}
}

1. Nested anonymous structures

//Address 地址结构体
type Address struct {
    Province string
    City     string
}

//User 用户结构体
type User struct {
    Name    string
    Gender  string
    Address //匿名结构体
}

func main() {
    var user2 User
    user2.Name = "pprof"
    user2.Gender = "女"
    user2.Address.Province = "黑龙江"    //通过匿名结构体.字段名访问
    user2.City = "哈尔滨"                //直接访问匿名结构体的字段名
    fmt.Printf("user2=%#v\n", user2) //user2=main.User{Name:"pprof", Gender:"女", Address:main.Address{Province:"黑龙江", City:"哈尔滨"}}
}

When accessing a structure member, the field will be searched in the structure first, and if it is not found, it will be searched in the anonymous structure.

2. The field name conflict of the nested structure

The same field name may exist inside a nested structure. At this time, in order to avoid ambiguity, you need to specify the fields of the specific embedded structure.

//Address 地址结构体
type Address struct {
    Province   string
    City       string
    CreateTime string
}

//Email 邮箱结构体
type Email struct {
    Account    string
    CreateTime string
}

//User 用户结构体
type User struct {
    Name   string
    Gender string
    Address
    Email
}

func main() {
    var user3 User
    user3.Name = "pprof"
    user3.Gender = "女"
    
    //备注：这里便不能直接访问结构体中的字段了
    //需要指明结构体才行
    
    // user3.CreateTime = "2019" //ambiguous selector user3.CreateTime
    user3.Address.CreateTime = "2000" //指定Address结构体中的CreateTime
    user3.Email.CreateTime = "2000"   //指定Email结构体中的CreateTime
}

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