Go language uses structure nesting to simulate inheritance

    Unlike C++ and JAVA, the Go language has inheritance keywords. Go does not directly support inheritance, but we can use structure nesting to simulate inheritance, that is, indirectly support inheritance .

The role of inheritance:

• Avoid duplication of code;
• Extend the functionality of the class.

The meaning of inheritance:

• Subclasses can have their own attributes and methods, or they can override existing methods of the class;
• The subclass can directly access all the properties and methods of the class.

Ways to implement inheritance

• The form of using anonymous fields is to simulate the inheritance relationship. When simulating the aggregation relationship, a structure with a name must be used as the field;
• The fields that belong to the anonymous structure in the structure are called promoted fields, because they can be accessed as if they belong to a structure with anonymous structure fields;
• In other words, the fields in the class are promoted fields.

    Take the structure Student inheriting Person as an example, the code is as follows:
//myStruct.go

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

type Person struct {
	Name string
	Age  int
	Sex  string
}

type Student struct {
	Person     //采用匿名字段，模拟继承关系
	SchoolName string
}

func main() {
	//fmt.Println("Hello World!")
	//1、初始化Person
	p1 := Person{"Steven", 35, "男"}
	fmt.Println(p1)
	fmt.Printf("p1: %T, %+v\n", p1, p1)
	fmt.Println("--------------------")

	//2、初始化Student
	//写法1:
	s1 := Student{p1, "武汉大学"}
	fmt.Println(s1)
	fmt.Printf("s1: %T, %+v\n", s1, s1)
	fmt.Println("--------------------")

	//写法2:
	s2 := Student{Person{"Josh", 30, "男"}, "华中科技大学"}
	fmt.Println(s2)
	fmt.Printf("s2:%T, %+v\n", s2, s2)
	fmt.Println("--------------------")

	//写法3：
	s3 := Student{Person: Person{
		Name: "Penn",
		Age:  19,
		Sex:  "男",
	},
		SchoolName: "武汉理工大学",
	}
	fmt.Println(s3)
	fmt.Printf("s3: %T, %+v\n", s3, s3)
	fmt.Println("-------------------")

	//写法4：
	s4 := Student{}
	s4.Name = "Daniel"
	s4.Sex = "男"
	s4.Age = 12
	s4.SchoolName = "剑桥大学"
	fmt.Println(s4)
	fmt.Printf("s4: %T, %+v\n", s4, s4)
	fmt.Println("-------------------")
}

    The effect is as follows:

Figure (1) Structure Student inherits Person