The learning content comes from the experimental building linux tutorial + Mofan python linux tutorial
1. Terminal
By default, Linux provides 6 "terminals" with pure command line interface (6 virtual consoles to be precise) to allow users to log in. On the physical machine system, you can use [Ctrl]+ [Alt]+ [F1]～[F6]to switch. When you switch to one of the terminals and want to switch back to the graphical interface, you can press [Ctrl]+ [Alt]+ [F7]to do so.
2. shell (shell)
Shell refers to the software (command parser) that "provides user interface". Shell under Unix/Linux operating system is not only an interface for user interaction, but also a scripting language to control the system. The more popular common shells are bash, zsh , ksh, csh, etc. Ubuntu terminal uses bash by default.
3. Important shortcut keys
[Tab]: Used to complete commands, complete directories, and complete parameters
[Ctr+c]: Forcibly stop the current program and restore it to a controllable state
| button | effect |
|---|---|
Ctrl+d |
end of keyboard input or exit the terminal |
Ctrl+s |
Tentatively set the current program, after pause, press any key to resume running |
Ctrl+z |
Put the current program into the background to run, and restore to the foreground as the commandfg |
Ctrl+a |
Move the cursor to the beginning of the input line, equivalent to the Homekey |
Ctrl+e |
Move the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the Endkey |
Ctrl+k |
Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line |
Alt+Backspace |
delete a word forward |
Shift+PgUp |
Scroll the terminal display up |
Shift+PgDn |
Scroll the terminal display down |
4. Wildcards
There are mainly "*" and "?", which are used for fuzzy matching of strings.
Common wildcards in the shell:
| character | meaning |
|---|---|
* |
matches zero or more characters |
? |
matches any character |
[list] |
matches any single character in list |
[!list] |
matches any character other than any single character in list |
[c1-c2] |
Match any single character in c1-c2 such as: [0-9] [az] |
{string1,string2,...} |
matches one of sring1 or string2 (or more) |
{c2..c2} |
Match all characters in c1-c2 such as {1..10} |
5. Learn to use man
| segment | illustrate |
|---|---|
| 1 | general order |
| 2 | system call |
| 3 | Library functions, covering the C standard library |
| 4 | Special files (usually devices in /dev) and drivers |
| 5 | File formats and conventions |
| 6 | Games and Screensavers |
| 7 | Miscellaneous |
| 8 | System Administration Commands and Daemons |
Use search in man, /<你要搜索的关键字>, and after finding it, you can use the nkey to switch to the location of the next keyword, which is the location of shift+nthe previous keyword. Use Space(Spacebar) to turn pages, Enter(Enter) to scroll down a line, or use j, k(the vim editor's movement key) to scroll forwards and backwards one line. Press hthe key to display the help (because man uses less as the reader, which is actually lessthe help of the tool), press qto exit
You can also use info. If you know the function of a certain command and just want to quickly check the function of some of its specific parameters, then you can use --helpparameters. Most commands will have this parameter.