14. Off-balance sheet information of loans
Bank acceptances, letters of credit, letters of guarantee, commitments, entrusted loans, entrusted investments, sales and purchase agreements with credit risks still in banks, and financial derivatives.
15. The difference between project financing and project loan
in common: both are loans under fixed asset loans.
Project financing (Project Financing)
refers to the fact that the lender provides loan agreement financing to a specific engineering project, and the cash flow generated by the project is A type of financing that has the right to claim debt repayment and uses the project assets as collateral security. It is a financing method that uses the future income and assets of the project as the source of funds and security for loan repayment.
Project loan Project
loan refers to a method of financing funds for a specific engineering project. It is a form of international medium and long-term loans, short for engineering project loan. Due to inflation and the sharp increase in the cost of new large-scale construction projects, the investment risks associated with these large-scale projects are increasing; in addition, some government or enterprise funds are occupied in the ongoing construction projects, which also makes it impossible to hold New large project. In order to promote the construction of large-scale projects and develop new ways of using funds, some banks have set up this kind of project loan business. This business is different from various traditional financing businesses. In addition to the project sponsor required for bank loans, there is also a newly established project unit for engineering projects to carry out financing, construction and operation management. a project. In this way, the sponsor of the project is only the sponsor of the project unit, and its financial resources and credit are no longer the main guarantee objects of the loan, and the funds are directly provided by the lender to the project unit.
16. Replacement loans
Replacement loans mainly refer to: replacement personal housing loans, currently mainly used for commercial housing loans, issued by banks to borrowers who have paid in full when purchasing commercial housing, and used to replace their non-loans for previous housing purchases Debt-like loans and secured against the housing.
17. Exposure
Exposure refers to the position of financial risk in financial activities and the degree to which it is affected by financial risk. Exposure is an important concept in financial risk, but it is not the same as financial risk. Financial assets with large exposure are not necessarily high risk.
The more common expression of exposure is used in risk analysis, indicating the place where there is exposure to risk. For example, if a company has a loan of 1 billion yuan, 800 million of which has external guarantees, and 200 million of which is not guaranteed, then we say that the risk exposure is 200 million yuan. The same statement is used for other fields, futures etc.
18 Borrowing new loans and repaying old loans, borrowing new loans
and repaying old loans is an operation method often used by commercial banks in the process of loan issuance and recovery. The act of repaying part or all of the original loan.
Borrowing new to repay the old is conducive to commercial banks' revitalization and loan collection tasks, overcomes the legal limitation of statute of limitations, further clarifies the relationship between creditor's rights and debts, and may require borrowers to improve or strengthen guarantees and weaken the risk of spot loans. However, to a certain extent, borrowing the new to repay the old has a negative impact on social credit, and the corporate credit concept of "repaying what has been borrowed" has been further weakened; to some extent, the real status of the quality of credit assets has been concealed, and the exposure time of credit risks has been delayed. , precipitation and accumulation of credit risks; there are considerable legal risks implied in the procedures for handling new loans.
19. The new regulations on self-payment and entrusted payment
loans clearly require that the payment of consumer loans with a single amount of fixed asset loans that exceed 5% of the total project investment or more than 5 million yuan, and personal consumption loans of more than 300,000 yuan must be entrusted payment methods. is a rigid requirement. However, in the specific implementation, it can be implemented within this general framework according to different situations. For individual mortgage loans, no matter the amount, the entrusted payment method must be implemented; for another example, the entrusted payment method must be adopted for a single payment of more than 5 million yuan. In the process of purchasing large-value equipment, the borrower often does not pay the entire amount at one time, but adopts a process from advance payment to progress payment to settlement payment to quality guarantee. Therefore, in the context of real transactions, choosing a payment method that seeks truth from facts can achieve the premise of satisfying the three aspects of supervision, banks, and enterprises, and can also achieve the ultimate goal of preventing the security of credit funds.
Entrusted payment:
The lender's entrusted payment means that the lender, according to the borrower's withdrawal application and payment entrustment, pays the loan through the borrower's account to the borrower's transaction object that meets the purpose stipulated in the contract.
Significance of entrusted payment:
First, while reducing the risk of loan misappropriation, it will have an impact on the borrower's income. A person from a commercial bank said that at present, for project loans, enterprises can withdraw the loan at one time, and it is up to the enterprise to decide whether to use it or not. In this case, during the transition period of project construction, the borrower can do some business to increase income, such as transfer to bank, purchase wealth management products, etc. However, after the adoption of fiduciary payment, it is impossible for borrowers to withdraw funds at one time, and the space for short-term operations will be compressed.
Self-payment:
The borrower's self-payment means that after the lender releases the loan funds to the borrower's account according to the borrower's withdrawal application, the borrower self-pays to the borrower's transaction object that meets the purpose stipulated in the contract.
14. Off-balance sheet information of loans
Bank acceptances, letters of credit, letters of guarantee, commitments, entrusted loans, entrusted investments, sales and purchase agreements with credit risks still in banks, and financial derivatives.
15. The difference between project financing and project loan
in common: both are loans under fixed asset loans.
Project financing (Project Financing)
refers to the fact that the lender provides loan agreement financing to a specific engineering project, and the cash flow generated by the project is A type of financing that has the right to claim debt repayment and uses the project assets as collateral security. It is a financing method that uses the future income and assets of the project as the source of funds and security for loan repayment.
Project loan Project
loan refers to a method of financing funds for a specific engineering project. It is a form of international medium and long-term loans, short for engineering project loan. Due to inflation and the sharp increase in the cost of new large-scale construction projects, the investment risks associated with these large-scale projects are increasing; in addition, some government or enterprise funds are occupied in the ongoing construction projects, which also makes it impossible to hold New large project. In order to promote the construction of large-scale projects and develop new ways of using funds, some banks have set up this kind of project loan business. This business is different from various traditional financing businesses. In addition to the project sponsor required for bank loans, there is also a newly established project unit for engineering projects to carry out financing, construction and operation management. a project. In this way, the sponsor of the project is only the sponsor of the project unit, and its financial resources and credit are no longer the main guarantee objects of the loan, and the funds are directly provided by the lender to the project unit.
16. Replacement loans
Replacement loans mainly refer to: replacement personal housing loans, currently mainly used for commercial housing loans, issued by banks to borrowers who have paid in full when purchasing commercial housing, and used to replace their non-loans for previous housing purchases Debt-like loans and secured against the housing.
17. Exposure
Exposure refers to the position of financial risk in financial activities and the degree to which it is affected by financial risk. Exposure is an important concept in financial risk, but it is not the same as financial risk. Financial assets with large exposure are not necessarily high risk.
The more common expression of exposure is used in risk analysis, indicating the place where there is exposure to risk. For example, if a company has a loan of 1 billion yuan, 800 million of which has external guarantees, and 200 million of which is not guaranteed, then we say that the risk exposure is 200 million yuan. The same statement is used for other fields, futures etc.
18 Borrowing new loans and repaying old loans, borrowing new loans
and repaying old loans is an operation method often used by commercial banks in the process of loan issuance and recovery. The act of repaying part or all of the original loan.
Borrowing new to repay the old is conducive to commercial banks' revitalization and loan collection tasks, overcomes the legal limitation of statute of limitations, further clarifies the relationship between creditor's rights and debts, and may require borrowers to improve or strengthen guarantees and weaken the risk of spot loans. However, to a certain extent, borrowing the new to repay the old has a negative impact on social credit, and the corporate credit concept of "repaying what has been borrowed" has been further weakened; to some extent, the real status of the quality of credit assets has been concealed, and the exposure time of credit risks has been delayed. , precipitation and accumulation of credit risks; there are considerable legal risks implied in the procedures for handling new loans.
19. The new regulations on self-payment and entrusted payment
loans clearly require that the payment of consumer loans with a single amount of fixed asset loans that exceed 5% of the total project investment or more than 5 million yuan, and personal consumption loans of more than 300,000 yuan must be entrusted payment methods. is a rigid requirement. However, in the specific implementation, it can be implemented within this general framework according to different situations. For individual mortgage loans, no matter the amount, the entrusted payment method must be implemented; for another example, the entrusted payment method must be adopted for a single payment of more than 5 million yuan. In the process of purchasing large-value equipment, the borrower often does not pay the entire amount at one time, but adopts a process from advance payment to progress payment to settlement payment to quality guarantee. Therefore, in the context of real transactions, choosing a payment method that seeks truth from facts can achieve the premise of satisfying the three aspects of supervision, banks, and enterprises, and can also achieve the ultimate goal of preventing the security of credit funds.
Entrusted payment:
The lender's entrusted payment means that the lender, according to the borrower's withdrawal application and payment entrustment, pays the loan through the borrower's account to the borrower's transaction object that meets the purpose stipulated in the contract.
Significance of entrusted payment:
First, while reducing the risk of loan misappropriation, it will have an impact on the borrower's income. A person from a commercial bank said that at present, for project loans, enterprises can withdraw the loan at one time, and it is up to the enterprise to decide whether to use it or not. In this case, during the transition period of project construction, the borrower can do some business to increase income, such as transfer to bank, purchase wealth management products, etc. However, after the adoption of fiduciary payment, it is impossible for borrowers to withdraw funds at one time, and the space for short-term operations will be compressed.
Self-payment:
The borrower's self-payment means that after the lender releases the loan funds to the borrower's account according to the borrower's withdrawal application, the borrower self-pays to the borrower's transaction object that meets the purpose stipulated in the contract.