The mv command is the abbreviation of move, which can be used to move files or rename files (move (rename) files). It is a commonly used command in Linux systems and is often used to back up files or directories.
1. Command format:
mv [options] source file or directory target file or directory
2. Command function:
Depending on the type of the second parameter in the mv command (target file or target directory), the mv command renames the file or moves it to a new directory. When the second parameter type is a file, the mv command completes the file renaming. At this time, there can only be one source file (or the source directory name), and it renames the given source file or directory to the given one. target filename. When the second parameter is the name of an existing directory, there can be multiple source file or directory parameters, and the mv command moves the source files specified by each parameter to the target directory. When moving a file across filesystems, mv first copies and then deletes the original file, and the link to the file will also be lost.
3. Command parameters:
-b : If you need to overwrite the file, make a backup before overwriting.
-f : Force means that if the destination file already exists, it will be overwritten without asking;
-i : If the destination file (destination) already exists, it will ask whether to overwrite it!
-u : If the target file already exists and the source is relatively new, it will be updated (update)
-t : --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY, that is, specify the target directory of mv, this option is suitable for moving multiple In the case of a source file to a directory, the target directory is in the front, and the source file is in the back.
4. Command example:
Example 1: File renaming
command:
mv test.log test1.txt
Output:
[root@localhost test]# ll
总计 20drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:46 test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16 10-28 06:04 test.log
[root@localhost test]# mv test.log test1.txt
[root@localhost test]# ll
总计 20drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16 10-28 06:04 test1.txt
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:46 test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
Description:
Rename the file test.log to test1.txt
实例二：移动文件
命令：
mv test1.txt test3
输出：
[root@localhost test]# ll
总计 20drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:46 test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
[root@localhost test]# mv test1.txt test3
[root@localhost test]# ll
总计 16drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:09 test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
[root@localhost test]# cd test3
[root@localhost test3]# ll
总计 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
[root@localhost test3]#
说明：
将test1.txt文件移到目录test3中
实例三：将文件log1.txt,log2.txt,log3.txt移动到目录test3中。
命令：
mv log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt test3
mv -t /opt/soft/test/test4/ log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt
输出：
[root@localhost test]# ll
总计 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:09 test3
[root@localhost test]# mv log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt test3
[root@localhost test]# ll
总计 16drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:18 test3
[root@localhost test]# cd test3/
[root@localhost test3]# ll
总计 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
[root@localhost test3]#
[root@localhost test3]# ll
总计 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:21 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
[root@localhost test3]# mv -t /opt/soft/test/test4/ log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt
[root@localhost test3]# cd ..
[root@localhost test]# cd test4/
[root@localhost test4]# ll
总计 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
[root@localhost test4]#
说明：
mv log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt test3 命令将log1.txt ，log2.txt， log3.txt 三个文件移到 test3目录中去，mv -t /opt/soft/test/test4/ log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt 命令又将三个文件移动到test4目录中去
实例四：将文件file1改名为file2，如果file2已经存在，则询问是否覆盖
命令：
mv -i log1.txt log2.txt
输出：
[root@localhost test4]# ll
总计 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
[root@localhost test4]# cat log1.txt
odfdfs
[root@localhost test4]# cat log2.txt
ererwerwer
[root@localhost test4]# mv -i log1.txt log2.txt
mv：是否覆盖“log2.txt”? y
[root@localhost test4]# cat log2.txt
odfdfs
[root@localhost test4]#
实例五：将文件file1改名为file2，即使file2存在，也是直接覆盖掉。
命令：
mv -f log3.txt log2.txt
输出：
[root@localhost test4]# ll
总计 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
[root@localhost test4]# cat log2.txt
odfdfs
[root@localhost test4]# cat log3
cat: log3: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@localhost test4]# ll
总计 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 10-28 06:15 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log3.txt
[root@localhost test4]# cat log2.txt
odfdfs
[root@localhost test4]# cat log3.txt
dfosdfsdfdss
[root@localhost test4]# mv -f log3.txt log2.txt
[root@localhost test4]# cat log2.txt
dfosdfsdfdss
[root@localhost test4]# ll
总计 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
[root@localhost test4]#
说明：
log3.txt的内容直接覆盖了log2.txt内容，-f 这是个危险的选项，使用的时候一定要保持头脑清晰，一般情况下最好不用加上它。
实例六：目录的移动
命令：
mv dir1 dir2
输出：
[root@localhost test4]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
[root@localhost test4]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
[root@localhost test4]# cd ..
[root@localhost test]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 10-28 06:24 test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:48 test4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
[root@localhost test]# cd test3
[root@localhost test3]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:21 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
[root@localhost test3]# cd ..
[root@localhost test]# mv test4 test3
[root@localhost test]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 10-28 06:54 test3
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
[root@localhost test]# cd test3/
[root@localhost test3]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:21 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:48 test4
[root@localhost test3]#
说明：
如果目录dir2不存在，将目录dir1改名为dir2；否则，将dir1移动到dir2中。
实例7：移动当前文件夹下的所有文件到上一级目录
命令：
mv * ../
输出：
[root@localhost test4]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 10-28 07:02 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
[root@localhost test4]# mv * ../
[root@localhost test4]# ll
[root@localhost test4]# cd ..
[root@localhost test3]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 10-28 07:02 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:21 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 07:02 test4
实例八：把当前目录的一个子目录里的文件移动到另一个子目录里
命令：
mv test3/*.txt test5
输出：
[root@localhost test]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 10-27 01:58 scf
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 10-28 07:02 test3
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5
[root@localhost test]# cd test3
[root@localhost test3]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 10-28 07:02 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:21 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 07:02 test4
[root@localhost test3]# cd ..
[root@localhost test]# mv test3/*.txt test5
[root@localhost test]# cd test5
[root@localhost test5]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 10-28 07:02 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5-1
[root@localhost test5]# cd ..
[root@localhost test]# cd test3/
[root@localhost test3]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 06:21 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-28 07:02 test4
[root@localhost test3]#
实例九：文件被覆盖前做简单备份，前面加参数-b
命令：
mv log1.txt -b log2.txt
输出：
[root@localhost test5]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 10-28 07:02 log1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5-1
[root@localhost test5]# mv log1.txt -b log2.txt
mv：是否覆盖“log2.txt”? y
[root@localhost test5]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 10-28 07:02 log2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 10-28 06:16 log2.txt~
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 10-28 06:05 test1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10-25 17:56 test5-1
[root@localhost test5]#
说明：
-b 不接受参数，mv会去读取环境变量VERSION_CONTROL来作为备份策略。
--backup该选项指定如果目标文件存在时的动作，共有四种备份策略：
1.CONTROL=none或off : 不备份。
2.CONTROL=numbered或t：数字编号的备份
3.CONTROL=existing或nil：如果存在以数字编号的备份，则继续编号备份m+1...n：
执行mv操作前已存在以数字编号的文件log2.txt.~1~，那么再次执行将产生log2.txt~2~，以次类推。如果之前没有以数字编号的文件，则使用下面讲到的简单备份。
4.CONTROL=simple或never：使用简单备份：在被覆盖前进行了简单备份，简单备份只能有一份，再次被覆盖时，简单备份也会被覆盖。