Consolidate the foundation of Java [02 Enumeration]

When doing the seckill project, an enumeration class is defined to return error information to the front end, without writing the prompt information in the controller.

package org.seckill.enums;

/**
 * 枚举类
 */
public enum SeckillStatEnum {

    SUCCESS(1,"秒杀成功"),
    END(0,"秒杀结束"),
    REPEAT_KILL(-1,"重复秒杀"),
    INNER_ERROR(-2,"系统异常"),
    DATE_REWRITE(-3,"数据篡改");

    private int state;
    private String info;

    SeckillStatEnum(int state, String info) {
        this.state = state;
        this.info = info;
    }

    public int getState() {
        return state;
    }


    public String getInfo() {
        return info;
    }


    public static SeckillStatEnum stateOf(int index)
    {
        for (SeckillStatEnum state : values())
        {
            if (state.getState()==index)
            {
                return state;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}

4/23/2018 2:20:34 PM
References In
-depth understanding of Java enumeration types (enum)

enumerate

what is enumeration

New in Java 5, special data types
Define constants from Monday to Sunday:
1. Values ​​are generally uppercase letters, and multiple values ​​are separated by commas
2. The value of the type represented by the enumeration must be limited

//枚举类型，使用关键字enum
enum Day {
    MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,
    THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY
}

Use enum values ​​directly

public class EnumDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        //直接引用
        Day day =Day.MONDAY;
    }

}

How enumeration works

After creating an enumeration type with the keyword enum and compiling, the compiler will generate a related class that inherits the java.lang.Enum class in the Java API
1. The class inherits from the java.lang.Enum class and is final Type
2. 2 static methods, values() and valuesOf(String s)
3. 7 instance objects of type Day, and static instantiation object code blocks

//反编译Day.class
final class Day extends Enum
{
    //编译器为我们添加的静态的values()方法
    public static Day[] values()
    {
        return (Day[])$VALUES.clone();
    }
    //编译器为我们添加的静态的valueOf()方法，注意间接调用了Enum的valueOf方法
    public static Day valueOf(String s)
    {
        return (Day)Enum.valueOf(com/xx/enumdemo/Day, s);
    }
    //私有构造函数
    private Day(String s, int i)
    {
        super(s, i);
    }
     //前面定义的7种枚举实例
    public static final Day MONDAY;
    public static final Day TUESDAY;
    public static final Day WEDNESDAY;
    public static final Day THURSDAY;
    public static final Day FRIDAY;
    public static final Day SATURDAY;
    public static final Day SUNDAY;
    private static final Day $VALUES[];

    static 
    {    
        //实例化枚举实例
        MONDAY = new Day("MONDAY", 0);
        TUESDAY = new Day("TUESDAY", 1);
        WEDNESDAY = new Day("WEDNESDAY", 2);
        THURSDAY = new Day("THURSDAY", 3);
        FRIDAY = new Day("FRIDAY", 4);
        SATURDAY = new Day("SATURDAY", 5);
        SUNDAY = new Day("SUNDAY", 6);
        $VALUES = (new Day[] {
            MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY
        });
    }
}

Common methods of enumeration

Enum abstract class

test:

public class EnumDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args){

        //创建枚举数组
        Day[] days=new Day[]{Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, Day.WEDNESDAY,
                Day.THURSDAY, Day.FRIDAY, Day.SATURDAY, Day.SUNDAY};

        for (int i = 0; i <days.length ; i++) {
            System.out.println("day["+i+"].ordinal():"+days[i].ordinal());
        }

        System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
        //通过compareTo方法比较,实际上其内部是通过ordinal()值比较的
        System.out.println("days[0].compareTo(days[1]):"+days[0].compareTo(days[1]));
        System.out.println("days[0].compareTo(days[1]):"+days[0].compareTo(days[2]));

        //获取该枚举对象的Class对象引用,当然也可以通过getClass方法
        Class<?> clazz = days[0].getDeclaringClass();
        System.out.println("clazz:"+clazz);

        System.out.println("-------------------------------------");

        //name()
        System.out.println("days[0].name():"+days[0].name());
        System.out.println("days[1].name():"+days[1].name());
        System.out.println("days[2].name():"+days[2].name());
        System.out.println("days[3].name():"+days[3].name());

        System.out.println("-------------------------------------");

        System.out.println("days[0].toString():"+days[0].toString());
        System.out.println("days[1].toString():"+days[1].toString());
        System.out.println("days[2].toString():"+days[2].toString());
        System.out.println("days[3].toString():"+days[3].toString());

        System.out.println("-------------------------------------");

        Day d=Enum.valueOf(Day.class,days[0].name());
        Day d2=Day.valueOf(Day.class,days[0].name());
        System.out.println("d:"+d);
        System.out.println("d2:"+d2);
    }
 /**
 执行结果:
   day[0].ordinal():0
   day[1].ordinal():1
   day[2].ordinal():2
   day[3].ordinal():3
   day[4].ordinal():4
   day[5].ordinal():5
   day[6].ordinal():6
   -------------------------------------
   days[0].compareTo(days[1]):-1
   days[0].compareTo(days[1]):-2
   clazz:class com.xx.enumdemo.Day
   -------------------------------------
   days[0].name():MONDAY
   days[1].name():TUESDAY
   days[2].name():WEDNESDAY
   days[3].name():THURSDAY
   -------------------------------------
   days[0].toString():MONDAY
   days[1].toString():TUESDAY
   days[2].toString():WEDNESDAY
   days[3].toString():THURSDAY
   -------------------------------------
   d:MONDAY
   d2:MONDAY
   */

}
enum Day {
    MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,
    THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY
}

The constructor of the Enum abstract class can only be called by the compiler

Source code :

//实现了Comparable
public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>>
        implements Comparable<E>, Serializable {

    private final String name; //枚举字符串名称

    public final String name() {
        return name;
    }

    private final int ordinal;//枚举顺序值

    public final int ordinal() {
        return ordinal;
    }

    //枚举的构造方法，只能由编译器调用
    protected Enum(String name, int ordinal) {
        this.name = name;
        this.ordinal = ordinal;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return name;
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object other) {
        return this==other;
    }

    //比较的是ordinal值
    public final int compareTo(E o) {
        Enum<?> other = (Enum<?>)o;
        Enum<E> self = this;
        if (self.getClass() != other.getClass() && // optimization
            self.getDeclaringClass() != other.getDeclaringClass())
            throw new ClassCastException();
        return self.ordinal - other.ordinal;//根据ordinal值比较大小
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public final Class<E> getDeclaringClass() {
        //获取class对象引用，getClass()是Object的方法
        Class<?> clazz = getClass();
        //获取父类Class对象引用
        Class<?> zuper = clazz.getSuperclass();
        return (zuper == Enum.class) ? (Class<E>)clazz : (Class<E>)zuper;
    }


    public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType,
                                                String name) {
        //enumType.enumConstantDirectory()获取到的是一个map集合，key值就是name值，value则是枚举变量值   
        //enumConstantDirectory是class对象内部的方法，根据class对象获取一个map集合的值       
        T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
        if (result != null)
            return result;
        if (name == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
    }

    //.....省略其他没用的方法
}

4/22/2018 9:11:17 PM

Compiler-generated Values ​​and ValueOf methods

Compiler-generated static methods:
values(): Gets all variables in the enum class and returns them as an array
valueOf(String name): Gets the enum variables by name

Methods in Enum:
valueOf(Class enumType, String name): Get enumeration variables by name

test:

Day[] days2 = Day.values();
System.out.println("day2:"+Arrays.toString(days2));
Day day = Day.valueOf("MONDAY");
System.out.println("day:"+day);

/**
 输出结果:
 day2:[MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY]
 day:MONDAY
 */

Enums and Class objects

After the enumeration instance is upcast to Enum, the following methods exist in the Class object without the values()
method: getEnumConstants() gets all the enumeration instance variables

Example :

//正常使用
Day[] ds=Day.values();
//向上转型Enum
Enum e = Day.MONDAY;
//无法调用,没有此方法
//e.values();
//获取class对象引用
Class<?> clasz = e.getDeclaringClass();
if(clasz.isEnum()) {
    Day[] dsz = (Day[]) clasz.getEnumConstants();
    System.out.println("dsz:"+Arrays.toString(dsz));
}

/**
   输出结果:
   dsz:[MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY]
 */

Advanced usage of enumeration

Enumeration classes defined with the keyword enum, except that inheritance cannot be used (because the compiler will automatically inherit the Enum abstract class for us and Java only supports single inheritance, so the enumeration class cannot implement inheritance manually)

Add methods and custom constructors

1. The desc member variable describes the Chinese description of the date
2. getDesc method, returns the Chinese description content
3. Private constructor, pass in the corresponding Chinese description when declaring the enumeration instance

No methods can be defined before enumerating instances

public enum Day2 {
    MONDAY("星期一"),
    TUESDAY("星期二"),
    WEDNESDAY("星期三"),
    THURSDAY("星期四"),
    FRIDAY("星期五"),
    SATURDAY("星期六"),
    SUNDAY("星期日");//记住要用分号结束

    private String desc;//中文描述

    /**
     * 私有构造,防止被外部调用
     * @param desc
     */
    private Day2(String desc){
        this.desc=desc;
    }

    /**
     * 定义方法,返回描述,跟常规类的定义没区别
     * @return
     */
    public String getDesc(){
        return desc;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        for (Day2 day:Day2.values()) {
            System.out.println("name:"+day.name()+
                    ",desc:"+day.getDesc());
        }
    }

    /**
     输出结果:
     name:MONDAY,desc:星期一
     name:TUESDAY,desc:星期二
     name:WEDNESDAY,desc:星期三
     name:THURSDAY,desc:星期四
     name:FRIDAY,desc:星期五
     name:SATURDAY,desc:星期六
     name:SUNDAY,desc:星期日
     */
}

Except for toString, the methods in the Enum class are all modified with final and cannot be overridden

public enum Day2 {
    MONDAY("星期一"),
    TUESDAY("星期二"),
    WEDNESDAY("星期三"),
    THURSDAY("星期四"),
    FRIDAY("星期五"),
    SATURDAY("星期六"),
    SUNDAY("星期日");//记住要用分号结束

    private String desc;//中文描述

    /**
     * 私有构造,防止被外部调用
     * @param desc
     */
    private Day2(String desc){
        this.desc=desc;
    }

    /**
     * 覆盖
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return desc;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args){
        for (Day2 day:Day2.values()) {
            System.out.println("name:"+day.name()+
                    ",desc:"+day.toString());
        }
    }

    /**
     输出结果:
     name:MONDAY,desc:星期一
     name:TUESDAY,desc:星期二
     name:WEDNESDAY,desc:星期三
     name:THURSDAY,desc:星期四
     name:FRIDAY,desc:星期五
     name:SATURDAY,desc:星期六
     name:SUNDAY,desc:星期日
     */
}

Define abstract method in enum class

The enum class allows us to define an abstract method for it, and then make every enum instance implement that method
Note that abstract keyword is not required for enum classes

public enum EnumDemo3 {

    FIRST{
        @Override
        public String getInfo() {
            return "FIRST TIME";
        }
    },
    SECOND{
        @Override
        public String getInfo() {
            return "SECOND TIME";
        }
    }

    ;

    /**
     * 定义抽象方法
     * @return
     */
    public abstract String getInfo();

    //测试
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println("F:"+EnumDemo3.FIRST.getInfo());
        System.out.println("S:"+EnumDemo3.SECOND.getInfo());
        /**
         输出结果:
         F:FIRST TIME
         S:SECOND TIME
         */
    }
}

Note: enum types cannot be passed as parameters

//无法通过编译,毕竟EnumDemo3.FIRST是个实例对象
 public void text(EnumDemo3.FIRST instance){ }