Excerpt from website: acejoy.com
This article is background material for another article. Here: How to identify a person's technical ability and level?
The Dreyfus model is a model proposed by Berkeley scientists in 1980 on how to evaluate skill levels and how to improve skill levels.
This model is an effective guide on how to move beyond the novice level and how to become proficient in technology.
The model outlines the 5 stages that a novice to an expert must go through.
Dreyfus five-stage model
Stage 1: Novice
Xiaobai, apprentice, follow the soy sauce
Want a manual, want someone to tell him how to do it step by step
No or only little experience
Because of lack of judgment, they need timely behavioral feedback
Don't know how to deal with mistakes, mistakes will make They are panicked and can seem to do something
according to clear rules
They have difficulty using pieces of knowledge from the network
They simply transcribe codes and do not know the context in which they are applied The
best way forward is the coach's clear instruction training, which does not require much understanding at this stage sexual thingsStage 2: advanced beginner
Small workers, able to do something along
the way , have some experience, and have some module libraries.
Have an understanding of the rules, will try to apply the rules to deal with the task;
want to quickly obtain information to solve problems, not interested in the knowledge system
Know what information is useful, rely on information;
they are a faithful practice of "search engine-based programming" can
splicing code to complete the target function;
more than 50% of the population will be at this stage throughout their careers
Best advanced means to observe and imitate high-level people in the environment to improve.Stage 3: Competent
master. Able to do things independently.
Have more skills;
have considerable experience;
can understand the abstract point of view of experts;
can be the core of a team;
the most important ability is to evaluate the possibility of problem solving.
Proficiency in various grammatical details of the development language he is using
Best advanced means for persistently demanding and challenging tasksStage Four: Proficient
The experience has been enough to refine the general guidance method with a global thinking
for the technical field in which it is located and
able to solve the problem as a whole system.
Continue to actively seek a larger conceptual framework around your own technical field.
Constantly review your own means of solving problems Use various "design patterns"
just right
About 10% of people are at this stage The
best way to advance is not clearStage 5: Expert
Create ways to solve problems.
Pursue best practices to create better tools and methods. When faced with a problem, an intuitive solution emerges naturally.
Experts often struggle to adequately explain their behavior, many of which are so skilled that they become unconscious.
Novices rely on rules, experts rely on intuition;
they write books, articles, and lecture tours.
Less than 5% of the people at this stage (the top 0.2% in sports are the stars) the
expert needs to keep practicing to maintain his level, and after the expert leaves the practice, he becomes a "theoretical master" of nonsense. Experts are not meant to be good coaches. But once you become an expert in one field, it becomes easier to become an expert in another field (success is a habit).General advanced means
Continuously imitate, reshape (internalize), and develop their own models in the environment (community). That is, diversity builds practical experience, understands situations, and develops intuition.
effective practice
There is no skill without practice, but practice alone does not guarantee results. The goal of effective practice is to structure the experience
Basic conditions for effective practice
A clearly defined task The
task is challenging but feasible, i.e. not in the comfort zone, not in the difficult zone, and practising continuously in the challenge zone The
task environment can provide a lot of feedback
Provides opportunities to repeat and correct mistakes. To iterate, to improve in an environment where you can fail. Don't use the time pressure method (the typical exam mode to learn knowledge); efficient
practice The core of efficient practice is to control attention, improve conversion speed and efficiency.Related tools
Time control: Pomodoro management Time management for
freelance knowledge workers: wake up early, work until noon, do chores in the afternoon, study, go to bed early
Flow state