Bitwise operators treat numbers as binary. The bitwise algorithm in Python is as follows. In the following table, the variable a is 60 and b is 13. The binary format is as follows:
a = 0011 1100 b = 0000 1101 ----------------- a&b = 0000 1100 a|b = 0011 1101 a^b = 0011 0001 ~a = 1100 0011
Bitwise operators include the following:
| & | Bitwise AND operator: two values involved in the operation, if both corresponding bits are 1, the result of the bit is 1, otherwise it is 0 | (a & b) output result 12, binary interpretation: 0000 1100 |
| | | Bitwise OR: As long as one of the corresponding two binary bits is 1, the result bit is 1. | (a | b) Output result 61, binary interpretation: 0011 1101 |
| ^ | Bitwise XOR Operator: When two corresponding binary bits are different, the result is 1 | (a ^ b) output result 49, binary interpretation: 0011 0001 |
| ~ | Bitwise negation operator: Negates each binary bit of the data, that is, changes 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. ~x is like -x-1 | (~a ) outputs the result -61, binary interpretation: 1100 0011, in one's complement form of a signed binary number. |
| << | Left shift operator: All binary bits of the operand are shifted to the left by several bits, the number of bits to be shifted is specified by the number on the right of <<, the high bits are discarded, and the low bits are filled with 0. | a << 2 output result 240, binary interpretation: 1111 0000 |
| >> | Right shift operator: shifts all the binary bits of the operand on the left of ">>" by a number of bits, and the number on the right of >> specifies the number of bits to move | a >> 2 output result 15, binary interpretation: 0000 1111 |