requests library
Example introduction
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(type(res))
print(res.status_code)
print(res.text)
print(type(res.text))
print(res.cookies)
various request methods
import requests
requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
ask
basic request
Basic spelling
import requests
res = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(res.text)
get request with parameters
import requests
res = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get?name=xbp&age=18')
print(res.text)
import requests
data = {
'name':'xbp',
'age':18
}
res = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get',params=data)
print(res.text)
Parse json
import requests
import json
res = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print(type(res.text))
#res.json()与json.loads()方法完全一致
print(res.json())
print(json.loads(res.text))
print(type(res.json()))
get binary data
import requests
res = requests.get('https://github.com/favicon.ico')
print(type(res.text),type(res.content))
print(res.text)
print(res.content)
#保存二进制数据
import requests
res = requests.get('https://github.com/favicon.ico')
with open(r'github.ico','wb') as f:
f.write(res.content)
f.close()
add headers
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(res.text)
import requests
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3343.4 Safari/537.36'
}
res = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore',headers = headers)
print(res.text)
Basic post request
import requests
data = {
'name':'xbp',
'age':18
}
res = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data)
print(res.text)
import requests
data = {
'name':'xbp',
'age':18
}
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3343.4 Safari/537.36'
}
res = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data,headers = headers)
print(res.text)
response
response property
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(type(res.status_code),res.status_code)
print(type(res.headers),res.headers)
print(type(res.cookies),res.cookies)
print(type(res.url),res.url)
print(type(res.history),res.history)
Status code judgment (see the official documentation for details)
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
exit() if not res.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print('Requests Successfully')
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')
exit() if not res.status_code == 200 else print('Requests Successfully')
Advanced Operations
File Upload
import requests
files = {'file':open('github.ico','rb')}
res = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files = files)
print(res.text)
get cookies
import requests
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3343.4 Safari/537.36',
}
res = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com',headers=headers)
# print(res.cookies)
for key,value in res.cookies.items():
print(key+'='+value)
session maintenance
Simulate login
#获取不到,因为相当于在一个浏览器中访问,在另一个浏览器中获取cookies,两个没有关联
import requests
requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/1234568')
res = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(res.text)
import requests
s = requests.Session()
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/1234568')
res = s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')
print(res.text)
Certificate verification
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn')
print(res.status_code)
#抛出一个error
import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings()
res = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
print(res.status_code)
#指定证书
import requests
res = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',cert=('/path/server.crt','/path/key'))
print(res.status_code)