Computer composition principle quick, easy to understand, quick review at the end of the term

Others 2022-04-20 13:50:34 views: 0

Principles of Computer Composition

computer unit of calculation

  • capacity unit
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  • speed unit
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I/O system

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Communication between CPU and IO device

CPU speed is inconsistent with IO device speed

  • Disadvantages of program interruption
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    : reduce the execution efficiency of the CPU

  • DMA (Direct Memory Access)
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Classification of memory

  • Classification by storage medium:

    • Semiconductor memory: memory, U disk, solid state drive
    • Magnetic Storage: Tape, Disk

  • By access method:

    • Random Access Memory (RAM): Random reads, independent of position
    • Serial memory: location dependent, lookup in order
    • Read Only Memory (ROM): Read only, not write

memory hierarchy

cache, main memory, auxiliary memory

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  • Principle: Locality principle
    Replace the memory frequently accessed by the program to the cache to improve the speed of the computer
  • Implementation: Add a layer of fast (small capacity) Cache between CPU and main memory
  • Purpose: To solve the problem of insufficient main memory speed

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computer cache

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  • example

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computer command system

  • form of machine instructions

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  • The type of operation of the machine instruction
    • Control instructions, shift operations, data transfers, arithmetic and logic operations
  • Addressing of machine instructions
    • Instruction addressing: sequential addressing, jump addressing
    • Data addressing: immediate addressing, indirect addressing, direct addressing

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  • Advantages and disadvantages of various addressing modes

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computer controller

The controller coordinates and controls the operation of the computer

  • program counter
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  • Timing generator (the CPU's metronome)
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  • instruction decoderinsert image description here

  • various registers

    • instruction register
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    • main memory address register
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    • Main memory data register
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    • general purpose register
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  • bus

computer calculator

The calculator is used to perform data operation and processing

  • data buffer
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  • ALU
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  • general purpose register
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  • Status word register
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  • bus

Execution of computer instructions

  • instruction execution process
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  • CPU pipeline design
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Ideally, pipeline efficiency is three times that of serial

Basics of base arithmetic

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  • Signed and unsigned numbers
  • original code notation
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  • two's complement notation
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  • one's complement notation
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  • Original code, complement code, inverse code conversion
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IEEE754 standard

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Fixed and floating point numbers

  • How to represent fixed point numbers
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  • Representation of floating point numbers
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  • Fixed point vs floating point
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Addition and Subtraction of Fixed Point Numbers

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Addition and subtraction of floating point numbers

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Multiplication and division of floating point numbers

  • Multiplication : addition of exponents, product of mantissas
  • Division : Subtract the exponents, and obtain the quotient of the mantissas

practice

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  • Implement doubly linked list
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  • Implement the permutation algorithm
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