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hot key
| hot key |
effect |
| Under windows/Linux: (fn depends on the keyboard) + Ctrl + insert, under Mac: command + c |
copy text |
| Under windows/Linux: (fn depends on the keyboard) + Shift + insert, under Mac: command + v |
paste text |
| ctrl + c |
Send a termination command to the current process (if the command is entered incorrectly, enter a new line directly) |
| ctrl + u |
Clear the currently entered command |
| tab键 |
Commands and filenames can be completed. If you can't complete it, press the tab key twice to display alternative options |
path
Absolute path: The directory path starting from the root directory (/) (the output of the pwd command is an absolute path)
例如: /home/user1/abc.txt
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relative path: the path from the current path
例如: home/user1/abc.txt
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| instruction |
path |
| ./ |
Indicates the current directory, unchanged (a dot) |
| ../ |
Indicates the upper directory (two dots) |
| ~/ |
Indicates the home directory (enter the /home/acs directory, which is the user's directory under the home folder) |
| / |
Indicates the root directory (enter the / directory, the topmost directory) |
- If it is a file starting with ., it will be set as a hidden file by default
ls view commands
| ls command |
|
| ls |
Display files and folders in the current directory (excluding hidden classes) |
| ls -a |
Display files and folders in the current directory (including hidden classes) |
| ls -l |
Display detailed information about files and folders in the current directory (excluding hidden classes) |
| ls -hl |
User-friendly display the detailed information of files and folders in the current directory (excluding hidden classes) (ls class command +h are both user-friendly) |
| ls -A |
Do not display the current directory and the upper directory |
| ls folder name |
You can view the file names in the folder without entering the folder |
| chmod +r ubuntu_20_04.tar |
Increase file read permission |
例如: ls homework 展示当前目录下的homework下的文件和文件夹(不包含隐藏类)
例如: ls homework -l 展示当前目录下的homework下的文件和文件夹的详细信息(含隐藏类)
例如: ls a.txt -l 展示当前目录下的a.txt下的文件和文件夹的详细信息(含隐藏类)
例如: ls homework -hl
例如: ls a.txt -hl
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basic instructions
| basic instructions |
|
| pwd |
Display the current absolute path |
| cd |
back to home directory |
| cd ~ |
back to home directory |
| cd XXX |
Enter the XXX directory |
| cd / |
Return to root directory |
| cd .. |
Return to the upper directory |
| cd - |
Go back to the previous directory (not the same as cd .. means the directory you were in just now) |
| cat XXX |
Show content in file XXX / View content in file |
| find XXX |
查询文件夹结构 |
| history |
显示历史指令 |
cp 复制粘贴重命名
将XXX文件复制成YYY，XXX和YYY可以是一个路径
例如: cp a/tmp.txt b 将tmp.txt文件从文件夹a复制到b中
例如: cp a/tmp.txt b/tmp2.txt 将tmp.txt文件从文件夹a复制到b中并重命名为tmp2.txt
例如: cp a b -r 将文件夹a复制到b中,如果文件b没有,就将文件夹a重命名b
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mv 剪切粘贴重命名
将XXX文件重命名成YYY
例如: mv a.txt b.txt 将a.txt文件重命名为b.txt文件
例如: mv a/tmp.txt b 将tmp.txt文件从文件夹a剪切到b中
例如: mv a/tmp.txt b/tmp2.txt 将tmp.txt文件从文件夹a剪切到b中并重命名为tmp2.txt
例如: mv a b 将文件夹a剪切到b中,如果文件b没有,就将文件夹a重命名b
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创建
| 创建指令 |
|
| touch XXX.YYY |
创建文件 |
| mkdir XXX |
创建目录XXX |
| mkdir --help |
查询mkdir的指令 |
| mkdir -p |
确保目录名称存在，不存在的就建一个 |
例如 mkdir a 在当前路径下创建文件夹a
或者 mkdir /home/acs/a
例如 mkdir y\ c 创建y c文件夹(\为转义字符,\ 转译为 )
rm y\ c 删除y c文件夹
mkdir a/b/c -p 创建文件夹a，并嵌套创建b,c文件夹
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删除
| 删除指令 |
|
| rm XXX.YYY |
删除普通文件，可以多个删除文件 |
| rm XXX -r |
删除文件夹 |
例如: rm tmp.txt 删除tmp.txt文件
rm tmp.txt tmp2.txt 删除tmp.txt tmp2.txt
rm *.txt 正则删除
rm a/* 删除文件夹a下的所有文件,保留文件夹a
例如: rm a -r 删除文件夹a
rm * -r 删除当前文件夹下所有文件和文件夹
rm /* -rf linux系统删除(删除根目录下的所有文件)
rm -rf /
rm -rf /*
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