Binder Mechanism - Application

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The specific implementation principle of Binder mechanism in Android

1. Implementation steps

BinderThe implementation of the mechanism Androidin mainly relies on Binderthe class, which implements the IBinderinterface

  • Example description: That is: the Clientprocess needs to call Serverthe addition function of the process (add the integers a and b)
  1. ClientThe process needs to pass two integers to the Serverprocess
  2. ServerThe process needs to return the result of the addition to the Clientprocess
  • Below the specific steps, I will analyze it according to the steps of the Bindercross- process communication mechanism model

✔Step 1: Sign up for the service

  • Process Serverdescription The process registers the service Binderwith the process through the driverService Manager
  • The code implementation Serverprocess creates an Binderobject
      1. BinderEntity is the form of existence of a Serverprocess in a Binderdriver
      1. This object holds information for andServer (saved in kernel space)Service Manager
      1. BinderThe driver finds user-space objects through kernel-space BinderentitiesServer
  • code analysis
	Binder binder = new Stub();
	// 步骤1:创建Binder对象 ->>分析1
	// 步骤2:创建 IInterface 接口类 的匿名类
	// 创建前,需要预先定义 继承了IInterface 接口的接口 -->分析3
	IInterface plus = new IPlus(){
		// 确定Client进程需要调用的方法
		public int add(int a,int b){
			return a+b;
		}
		// 实现IInterface接口中唯一的方法
		public IBinder asBinder(){ 
			return null ;
		}
	};
	// 步骤3
	binder.attachInterface(plus,"add two int");
	// 1. 将(add two int,plus)作为(key,value)对存入到Binder对象中的一个Map<String,IInterface>对象中
	// 2. 之后,Binder对象 可根据add two int通过queryLocalIInterface()获得对应IInterface对象(即plus)的引用,可依靠该引用完成对请求方法的调用
	// 分析完毕,跳出
	
	<-- 分析1:Stub类 -->
	public class Stub extends Binder {
	// 继承自Binder类 ->>分析2
	// 复写onTransact()
	@Override
	boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags){
		// 具体逻辑等到步骤3再具体讲解,此处先跳过
		switch (code) {
			case Stub.add: {
				data.enforceInterface("add two int");
				int arg0 = data.readInt();
				int arg1 = data.readInt();
				int result = this.queryLocalIInterface("add two int") .add(arg0, arg1);
				reply.writeInt(result);
				return true;
			}
		}
		return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
	}
	
	// 回到上面的步骤1,继续看步骤2
	
	<-- 分析2:Binder 类 -->
	public class Binder implement IBinder{
		// Binder机制在Android中的实现主要依靠的是Binder类,其实现了IBinder接口// IBinder接口:
		//定义了远程操作对象的基本接口,代表了一种跨进程传输的能力
		// 系统会为每个实现了IBinder接口的对象提供跨进程传输能力
		// 即Binder类对象具备了跨进程传输的能力
		
		void attachInterface(IInterface plus, String descriptor)// 作用:
		// 1. 将(descriptor,plus)作为(key,value)对存入到Binder对象中的一个Map<String,IInterface>对象中
		// 2. 之后,Binder对象 可根据descriptor通过queryLocalIInterface()获得对应IInterface对象(即plus)的引用,
		//可依靠该引用完成对请求方法的调用
		
		IInterface queryLocalInterface(Stringdescriptor)// 作用:根据 参数 descriptor 查找相应的IInterface对象(即plus引用)
		
		boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)// 定义:继承自IBinder接口的
		// 作用:执行Client进程所请求的目标方法(子类需要复写)
		// 参数说明:
		// code:Client进程请求方法标识符。即Server进程根据该标识确定所请求的目标方法
		// data:目标方法的参数。(Client进程传进来的,此处就是整数a和b)
		// reply:目标方法执行后的结果(返回给Client进程)
		// 注:运行在Server进程的Binder线程池中;当Client进程发起远程请求时,远程请求会要求系统底层执行回调该方法
		
		
		final class BinderProxy implements IBinder {
			// 即Server进程创建的Binder对象的代理对象类
			// 该类属于Binder的内部类
		}
		
		// 回到分析1原处
		
	}
	
	<-- 分析3:IInterface接口实现类 -->
	public interface IPlus extends IInterface {
		// 继承自IInterface接口->>分析4
		// 定义需要实现的接口方法,即Client进程需要调用的方法
		public int add(int a,int b);
	// 返回步骤2
	}
	
	<-- 分析4:IInterface接口类 -->
	// 进程间通信定义的通用接口
	// 通过定义接口,然后再服务端实现接口、客户端调用接口,就可实现跨进程通信。
	public interface IInterface{
		// 只有一个方法:返回当前接口关联的 Binder 对象。
		public IBinder asBinder();
	}
	// 回到分析3原处
	
	

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After registering the service, the Binderdriver Serverholds the Binderentity created by the process

✔Step 2: Get the service (Client)

  • ClientBefore the process uses a certain service(here is the addition function ), it must obtain the corresponding information Binderfrom the process through the driverServiceManagerService
  • The specific code implementation process is as follows:

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At this point, the process has established a connection Clientwith the processServer

✔Step 3: Use the service (Client)

ClientThe process establishes a communication link with the process through the driver according to the obtained serviceinformation ( Binderproxy object), and starts to use the serviceBinderServiceServer

  • Process description

    1. Clientlink for process communication and start using the service process to send parameters (integers a and b) to the Serverprocess
    2. ServerClientThe process calls the target method (that is, the addition function) according to the process requirements
    3. ServerThe process returns the result of the target method (that is, the result of the addition) to the Clientprocess
  • code implementation process

    3.1: ClientThe process sends parameters (integers a and b) to the Serverprocess

        // 1. Client进程 将需要传送的数据写入到Parcel对象中
	// data = 数据 = 目标方法的参数(Client进程传进来的,此处就是整数a和b)+ IInterface接口对象的标识符descriptor
	android.os.Parcel data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
	data.writeInt(a);
	data.writeInt(b);
	
	data.writeInterfaceToken("add two int");	
	// 方法对象标识符让Server进程在Binder对象中根据"add two int"通过queryLocalIInterface()
	// 查找相应的IInterface对象(即Server创建的plus),Client进程需要调 用的相加方法就在该对象中
	
	android.os.Parcel reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
	// reply:目标方法执行后的结果(此处是相加后的结果)
	
	
	// 2. 通过 调用代理对象的transact() 将 上述数据发送到Binder驱动
	binderproxy.transact(Stub.add, data, reply, 0)
	// 参数说明:
	// 1. Stub.add:目标方法的标识符(Client进程 和 Server进程 自身约定,可为任意)// 2. data :上述的Parcel对象
	// 3. reply:返回结果
	// 0:可不管
	
	
	// 注:在发送数据后,Client进程的该线程会暂时被挂起
	// 所以,若Server进程执行的耗时操作,请不要使用主线程,以防止ANR
	
	
	
	// 3. Binder驱动根据 代理对象 找到对应的真身Binder对象所在的Server 进程(系统自动执行)
	// 4. Binder驱动把 数据 发送到Server 进程中,并通知Server 进程执行解包(系统自动执行)
	
	
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3.2: ServerThe Clientprocess calls the target method (ie, the addition function) according to the process requirements

	// 1. 收到Binder驱动通知后,Server 进程通过回调Binder对象onTransact()进行数据解包&调用目标方法
  public class Stub extends Binder {
  	// 复写onTransact()
  	@Override
  	boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags){
  		// code即在transact()中约定的目标方法的标识符
  		switch (code) {
  			case Stub.add: {
  			
  				// a. 解包Parcel中的数据
  				data.enforceInterface("add two int");
  				// a1. 解析目标方法对象的标识符
  				int arg0 = data.readInt();
  				int arg1 = data.readInt();
  				// a2. 获得目标方法的参数
  				
  				// b. 根据"add two int"通过queryLocalIInterface()获取相应的IInterface对象
  				//(即Server创建的plus)的引用,通过该对象引用调用方法
  				int result = this.queryLocalIInterface("add two int") .add(arg0, arg1);
  				
  				// c. 将计算结果写入到reply
  				reply.writeInt(result);
  				return true;
  			}
  		}
  	return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
  	// 2. 将结算结果返回 到Binder驱动
             

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3.3: The process returns the result of the target method (that is, the result after addition) to the process

           // 2. 将结算结果返回 到Binder驱动	
           // 1. Binder驱动根据 代理对象 沿原路 将结果返回 并通知Client进程获取返回结果
           // 2. 通过代理对象 接收结果(之前被挂起的线程被唤醒)
           binderproxy.transact(Stub.ADD, data, reply, 0);
           reply.readException();;
           result = reply.readInt();
   }
}

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2. Schematic & Flowchart

  • Summary Below, I use a schematic & flowchart to summarize the content of step 3

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3. Advantages

Compared with Linux( Androidbased on Linux) other process communication methods (pipes, message queues, shared memory, semaphores, Socket), Binderthe advantages of the mechanism are:

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4. Summary

This article mainly explains the Bindermechanism in detail, which is summarized as follows:

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In particular, for Binder drivers composed from model structures:

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  • Principle steps of the entire Bindermodel & source code analysis

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Origin juejin.im/post/7084158823308460068