Postman interface test learning

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foreword

Advantages of postman tool: It can quickly construct requests and provide a comparison function of response results, which is convenient for writing test cases. Put the written test cases in the test set and batch test cases. You can set the number of iterations, set environment variables, and view test results.

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1. Send a get request

1. New request

get : get resource
post : create/update resource
put : update resource
delete : delete resource

2. Fill in the request method get , fill in the request url (which host, which resource)

3. Carry request parameters (fill in Params): para_key = para_value , view in args

• url : Uniform Resource Locator, used to specify the location of the resource. Composition: Protocol type: https, service address, port: http(80), https(443), path, request parameter: & connection
• JSON: JavaScript Object Notation, is a lightweight data interchange format that can be read by any programming language and passed as a data format.
  • struct:
    object format:
    { "key1": "value1", "key2": "value2" } array format: [ "item1", "item2" ] contains types: string, numeric, boolean
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

2. Send a post request

1. Add form format request parameters body —>form data —>Add parameters, view in form

2. Add the json format request parameter body —> raw (original format) —> JSON , and the test in the back is selected as json, and view it in json

3. Add the file format request parameter body—>doem-data—>file , view in file

3. Header information

1. Universal head

• date : the time when the message was sent
• pragma: whether to cache or not, including implementation-specific instructions, commonly used: pragma: no-cache
• connection: connection status
• cache-control: specifies the caching mechanism followed by requests and responses

2. Request header

• accept : information that tells the web server what medium it accepts
• authorization: authorization certificate for http authorization
• user-agent: Details of the type of browser the http client is running

3. Response header

• age : estimated time from origin server to proxy cache formation, /s , non-negative
• location: the new address to redirect to
• server: web server software name
• refresh: Indicates how long after the browser refreshes the document, /s
• retry-after: if the entity is temporarily unavailable, notify the client to try again after the specified time
• vary: tell downstream proxies whether to use cached responses or request from origin servers
• warning: warns about possible problems with the entity
• www - authenticate: the authorization method that the client requesting entity should use

4. Entity head

• content - type: request information corresponding to the entity;

• content-encoding: the encoding method of the document
  

• Set cookie request, store, add, delete, modify
  
  

5. Add assertions

• Assertion: It is to judge whether the actual result is consistent with the expected result; if it is consistent, it will return pass; if it is inconsistent, it will return fall
• Assertion idea: The interface request is successful, and the business logic is verified
• Add assertion: (Tests panel)

  • Validation response status code
    
    

  • Verify that the response contains content
    
    

  • Verify that the response header information contains a certain key
    

  • Verify that the response time is less than a certain value
    

6. Create environment variables and reference variables

• postman can set multiple sets of environment variables, and each environment can have multiple environment variables

• Environment variable settings, you can switch the environment
  

• Postman can only set one set of global variables, which apply to the entire postman.
  
  

• Global variable reference: { {variable name}}

7. Create and run the test set

1. Add a request to the test set

• The already written interface use cases are saved to the test set
  
  

• Run the test set
  

  • iterations: number of use case iterations, delay: execution interval ms,

8. Data-driven

1. What is data-driven? Write with assertions

• The same test script uses different test data, and the change of the data drives the execution of the automated test, which eventually leads to the change of the test result.

• Data save format:

  • csv:
    name,age,expect
    cc,18,cc
    cao,19,cao
  • json:
    

• post request:
  

9. Use dynamic parameters

• Make the value different for each request,

1. Timestamp: { {$timestamp}}

2. Random number: { {$randomInt}}, generate 1~1000 random integers

3. Random string: { {$guid}}

4. Random Email: { {$randomEmail}}

5. Random Username: { {$randomUserName}}, English

10. Interface Association

• The next interface will use the response data of the previous interface,

1. Return the token value in the post

2. Write a script in test to extract the token value in the response, and store the token value in an environment variable or global variable

3. Associate the interface call variable (add token to the header information of the next post)