2022 Python to operate Excel, master the xlrd and xlwt modules

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Python to operate Excel

This blog will introduce you a way to operate Excel in Python. The core uses the xlrd and xlwt modules.

xlrdfor reading excel ;
xlwtUsed to write excel .

Module installation is relatively simple

pip install  xlrd,xlwt
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Before the official start, you also need to understand the three major objects in Excle

WorkBook: Workbook object
Sheet: table object
Cell: cell object

Here WorlBookrepresents the entire Excel file, Sheetrepresents the Sheet in Excel, that Cellis, each cell.

CellData types in common cells ( )

empty
string（text）
number
date
boolean
error
blank (blank form)

Open Excel file to read data

Prepare an Excel spreadsheet in advance for testing.

insert image description here

Just look at the code

import xlrd
data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx') # filename 表示文件名以及路径
print(data)
# 输出
# <xlrd.book.Book object at 0x00000272DE9276A0>
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Note that the latest version of the xlrdmodule no longer supports xlsxfiles. If you want to support this file format, please use the following version xlrd.

pip uninstall xlrd  # 卸载当前版本

pip install xlrd==1.2.0 # 安装1.2.0版本
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Get Sheet in Excel

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径

table = data.sheets()[0]  # 通过索引顺序获取
print(table)
table = data.sheet_by_index(1) # 通过索引顺序获取
sheet_name = '测试1'
table = data.sheet_by_name(sheet_name) # 通过 Sheet 名称获取
print(table)
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The above method returns an xlrd.sheet.Sheet()object . If it does not exist Sheet, or the name is wrong, the following BUG will appear

xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: No sheet named <'测试1'>
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Call the sheet_names()method to return the names of all sheet pages in the workbook.

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
sheet_names = data.sheet_names()
print(sheet_names)
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Use this method to get all of them first sheet_name, which can prevent illegal names from being called.

row operation

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
table = data.sheet_by_index(0)

nrows = table.nrows  # 获取该sheet中的有效行数
print(nrows)
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Get the first line of content

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
sheet = data.sheet_by_index(0)

nrows = sheet.nrows  # 获取该sheet中的有效行数
row_data = sheet.row_values(0)  # 获取第1行的内容
print(row_data)
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Get all row data

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
sheet = data.sheet_by_index(0)

nrows = sheet.nrows  # 获取该sheet中的有效行数

for i in range(nrows):
    print(sheet.row_values(i)) # 获取第几行的数据
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Returns a list of all cell objects in the column

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
sheet = data.sheet_by_index(0)
print(sheet.row_slice(0))
# 输出
# [text:'姓名', text:'班级', text:'年龄']
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The rest of the content can be viewed by referring to the code

# 返回由该行中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
sheet .row_types(行索引, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)    
# 返回由该行中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
sheet .row_values(行索引, start_colx=0, end_colx=None)   
# 返回该列的有效单元格长度
sheet .row_len(行索引) 
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column operations

Get the number of valid columns

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
sheet = data.sheet_by_index(0)

ncols = sheet.ncols   #获取列表的有效列数
print(ncols)
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cell manipulation

Get cell content cell(rowx, colx): Get the cell object of rowx row and colx column in the sheet object, and the format of the returned value is 单元类型:单元值.

import xlrd

data = xlrd.open_workbook('测试表格.xlsx')  # filename 表示文件名以及路径
sheet = data.sheet_by_index(0)
data = sheet.cell(2, 1)
print(data)
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get cell value

data = sheet.cell_value(2, 1)
print(data)
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The xlwt module (manipulate the .xlsfile for write operation) can be viewed directly in the comments.

import xlwt

xl = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
# 创建1个sheet对象,第2个参数是指单元格是否允许重设置，默认为False
sheet = xl.add_sheet('测试', cell_overwrite_ok=True)

# 第1个参数代表行，第2个参数是列，第3个参数是内容，第4个参数是格式
sheet.write(0, 0, '姓名')
sheet.write(0, 1, '年纪')

xl.save('橡皮擦的测试.xls')
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Basic usage of setting cell styles


import xlwt

xl = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
# 创建1个sheet对象,第2个参数是指单元格是否允许重设置，默认为False
sheet = xl.add_sheet('测试', cell_overwrite_ok=False)

# 初始化样式
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
# 为样式创建字体
font = xlwt.Font()
font.name = 'Arial Black'
style.font = font
# 第1个参数代表行，第2个参数是列，第3个参数是内容，第4个参数是格式
sheet.write(0, 0, '姓名')
sheet.write(0, 1, '年纪', style)

xl.save('橡皮擦的测试.xls')
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Merge Cells

# 合并 第1行到第2行 的 第1列到第2列
sheet.write_merge(1, 2, 1, 2, '合并单元格')
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record time

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