使用openZeppelin搭建ERC1155合约

安装openZeppelin

npm install --save-dev @openzeppelin/contracts

创建一个truffle空项目

mkdir FishToken
cd FishToken
truffle init

在contracts目录下创建基于ERC1155的智能合约FishToken.sol

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.9.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/ERC1155.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeMath.sol";

contract FishToken is ERC1155, Ownable {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
 
    uint256 public immutable pricePerFish;
    uint256 public immutable maxFish;
    uint256 public totalSupply;
    bool public isSaleActive;
    
    address private immutable reserveAddress;
 
    constructor(address _reserveAddress) public ERC1155("Fish") {
        pricePerFish = 0.029 * 10 ** 18;
        maxFish = 1000;
        totalSupply = 1;
        reserveAddress = _reserveAddress;
    }
 
    function flipSaleState() public onlyOwner {
        isSaleActive = !isSaleActive;
    }
 
    function setURI(string memory URI) public onlyOwner {
        _setURI(URI);
    }
 
    function reserveFish(uint256 count) public onlyOwner {   
        require(totalSupply < 100);
        uint256 mintIndex = totalSupply;
        if (mintIndex < maxFish) {
            _mint(msg.sender, mintIndex, count, "");
            totalSupply ++;
        }
    }
 
    function mintFish(uint256 count) public payable {
        require(isSaleActive, "Sale is not active");
        require(totalSupply+1 <= maxFish, "Purchase would exceed max supply of Fish");
        require(pricePerFish == msg.value, "Ether value is not correct");
        require(count > 0, "Fish count should > 0");
        
        payable(owner()).transfer(msg.value);
 
        uint256 mintIndex = totalSupply;
        if (mintIndex < maxFish) {
            _mint(msg.sender, mintIndex, count, "");
            totalSupply ++;
        }
    }
}

在migrations目录下创建部署脚本2_deploy_contracts.js

const FishToken = artifacts.require("FishToken");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(FishToken, "0x4451FbD16a256aEdEd217E4B413966c12B2e52B6");
};

部署合约到本地网络

修改配置文件truffle-config.js

module.exports = {
  networks: {
    development: {
     host: "127.0.0.1",     // Localhost (default: none)
     port: 7545,            // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
     network_id: "*",       // Any network (default: none)
    },
  },
};

部署合约

truffle migrate --reset

打开Truffle控制台

truffle console

执行测试

//获取测试账号列表
let accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts()
//获取实例
let instance = await FishToken.deployed()
//创建
await instance.reserveFish(1)
//查询余额
let balance = await instance.balanceOf(accounts[0],1)
balance.toString()
//转账
instance.safeTransferFrom(accounts[0], accounts[1], 1, 1, "0x0")
//查询余额
balance = await instance.balanceOf(accounts[1],1)
balance.toString()

部署合约到rinkeby网络

1、在Infura创建项目

Infura是一个托管的以太坊节点集群，可以将你开发的以太坊智能合约部署到infura提供的节点上，而无需搭建自己的以太坊节点。

其实MetaMask背后就是使用了Infura作为以太坊供应商。访问infura网站（https://infura.io），先注册一个帐号。注册完成后登录网站。

登录成功后，创建一个Project。
点击Project的SETTINGS按钮，选择网络为Ropsten，然后复制服务商的地址，后面需要用到。

2、安装@truffle/hdwallet-provider

npm install @truffle/hdwallet-provider

3、修改配置文件truffle-config.js

const HDWalletProvider = require('@truffle/hdwallet-provider');

const fs = require('fs');
const mnemonic = fs.readFileSync("./mnemonic.secret").toString().trim();

module.exports = {
  networks: {
    rinkeby: {
      provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, `https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/{your infura project ID}`),
      network_id: 4,       // Ropsten's id
      gas: 5500000,        // Ropsten has a lower block limit than mainnet
      confirmations: 2,    // # of confs to wait between deployments. (default: 0)
      timeoutBlocks: 200,  // # of blocks before a deployment times out  (minimum/default: 50)
      skipDryRun: true     // Skip dry run before migrations? (default: false for public nets )
    },
  },
};

4、部署合约

truffle migrate --reset --network rinkeby

5、打开truffle控制台

truffle console --network rinkeby

6、执行测试

let account1 = "0xdfcB3D55462e20CF6B4f03881234689Ac8234BCD"
let account2 = "0xbe27d85f56558d4e01a7ae034567c7cf7e665555"
//获取实例
let instance = await FishToken.deployed()
//创建
await instance.reserveFish(1)
//查询余额
let balance = await instance.balanceOf(account1,1)
balance.toString()
//转账
instance.safeTransferFrom(account1, account2, 1, 1, "0x0")
//查询余额
balance = await instance.balanceOf(account2,1)
balance.toString()

在以太坊测试网络查看合约

https://rinkeby.etherscan.io/address/0x854320944cd1a9259477e284979e4e94cec571ae

查看交易

https://rinkeby.etherscan.io/tx/0x1522e8abf91ca03a15c23dc12a3b43382cb6ace35c71a06511e4650fd8884ca8

添加元数据Metadata

{
  "name": "Herbie Starbelly",
  "description": "Friendly OpenSea Creature that enjoys long swims in the ocean.",
  "image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/opensea-prod.appspot.com/creature/50.png",
  "attributes": [...]
}

ERC721和ERC1155合约中的每个token标识符都具有相应的元数据URI，该元数据URI返回有关该项目的其他重要信息，如该项目的名称、图像、描述等。

将元数据JSON保存为文件上传到服务器或者IPFS，将元数据URI配置到合约

//创建实例
let instance = await FishToken.deployed()
//设置URI
await instance.setURI("http://www.example.com/upload/{id}.json")
//获取URI
let uri = await instance.uri(1)
uri.toString()

在OpenSea上查看合约资产

Developer TutorialsThe largest peer-to-peer Non-Fungible Token marketplace. As the leading platform for Ethereum and Polygon NFT's, OpenSea prides itself in offering a first-in-class developer platform consisting of APIs, SDKs, and tutorials.https://docs.opensea.io/docsOpenSea有一个Rinkeby环境，允许开发人员测试他们与OpenSea的集成。

testnets.opensea.iohttps://testnets.opensea.io/导入合约资产

https://rinkeby.opensea.io/get-listed/step-twohttps://rinkeby.opensea.io/get-listed/step-two查看合约上创建的资产

https://testnets.opensea.io/assets/<asset_contract_address>/<token_id>

校验合约项目的元数据

https://testnets-api.opensea.io/asset/<asset_contract_address>/<token_id>/validate