android-Androidd单元测试-Espresso

title: android-Androidd单元测试-Espresso
categories: Android
tags: [android, espresso, 单元测试]
date: 2020-02-23 00:36:26
comments: false

android-Androidd单元测试-Espresso

前篇

官方
- Espresso 设置说明 - https://developer.android.com/training/testing/espresso/setup?hl=zh-cn
- 将用户转到其他应用 (有发邮件示例) - https://developer.android.com/training/basics/intents/sending
- Espresso 备忘单 (各种模拟操作) - https://developer.android.com/training/testing/espresso/cheat-sheet?hl=zh-cn
- AndroidX Test 的 JUnit4 规则 - https://developer.android.com/training/testing/junit-rules?hl=zh-cn
- 示例 - https://github.com/android/testing-samples

测试时间稍长, 只要是需要 build gradle 文件.

单元测试分两种,

[Context 测试](#简单的 Context 测试) : 获取某个 activity 进行简单的测试, 不能测试有线程等待的操作, 不能测试 ui 相关操作.
[Espresso 使用](#Espresso 使用) : 可以测试有线程等待的操作, 可以测试 ui 相关操作.

TODO:

跳转 activity, 不自动退出 app
输入慢于其他操作

Context 测试

在 build.gradle 中加入

dependencies {
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
}

添加测试用例

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
      
      

    private final String TAG = "--- aut";
    private Context mCtx = null;

    @Before
    public void initContext() {
      
      
        mCtx = getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getFile() {
      
      
        final String tempFile = "hello.txt";
        try {
      
      
            Tools.writeFile(mCtx, tempFile, "wolegequ");
        } catch (IOException e) {
      
      
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        File fa = Tools.getFile(mCtx, tempFile);
        Log.d(TAG, String.format("test_getFile: " + fa.exists()));
    }
}

run 一下这个用例.

Espresso 使用

在 build.gradle 中加入

dependencies {
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
}

添加测试用例

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class EspressoTest {
      
      
    private static final String TAG = "--- EspressoTest";

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule =
            new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void Test_hello() {
      
      
        MainActivity mainActy = mActivityRule.getActivity();
        EditText etName = mainActy.findViewById(R.id.editText);

        // 模拟 输入
        onView(withId(R.id.editText)).perform(typeText("yangx world"), ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard());

        Log.d(TAG, "etName:" + etName.getText());
    }
}

run 一下这个用例. (输入测试框架自动输入)

获取 Activity 的两种方式

ActivityTestRule

 @Rule
public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void Test_hello() {
      
      
        MainActivity mainActy = mActivityRule.getActivity();
    }
}

ActivityScenario

private MainActivity mActivity = null;

@Before
public void launchActivity() {
      
      
    ActivityScenario<MainActivity> actSro = ActivityScenario.launch(MainActivity.class);
    actSro.onActivity((activity) -> {
      
      
        mActivity = activity;
    });
}

@Test
public void Test_hello() {
      
      
	MainActivity mainActy = mActivity;
}

挂起 Activity

单元测试都不是在 ui 线程执行, 所以 Thread.sleep 并不会阻塞 ui 线程, 只是阻塞了测试线程.

每次测试完用例, app 都会退到后台. 可以使用测试线程睡眠的骚操作, 阻止单元测试结束进而防止 app 退到后台, 此时 ui 是可以操作的

@After
public void suspending() {
    
    
    try {
    
    
        Thread.sleep(3000 * 100000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    
    
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

模拟按键点击

onView(isRoot()).perform(pressKey(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK)); // 模拟 点击 返回键

UI 显示必须在 UI 线程

测试线程不能进行 ui 操作, ui 必须跑在 ui 线程中.

@Test
public void Test_tips() {
    
    
    mActivity.runOnUiThread(() -> {
    
    
        Tools.Tips01(mActivity, "", null);
    });
}

备忘单

Espresso 备忘单 (各种模拟操作) - https://developer.android.com/training/testing/espresso/cheat-sheet?hl=zh-cn

踩坑

androidjunit4 deprecated 废弃问题

参考: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52776716/androidjunit4-class-is-deprecated-how-to-use-androidx-test-ext-junit-runners-an

The gradle file should contain the following line: androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
Change test class to AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner from AndroidJUnit4

还有就是 instrumentationregistry.gettargetcontext() deprecated 问题

参考: https://mlog.club/article/3900739

报错: application installation failed

可以尝试一下几种方式

这有可能是模拟器（手机）上原来安装过同名app但是签名等不一样，在手机上删除该app即可。
点击Build->Clean Project，然后再次Build->Rebuild Project即可。
点击File->Setting->Build,Execution,Deployment->Instant Run，将enable instant run... 的勾去掉。
开启模拟器调试选项中的 usb 调试 和 usb 安装

模拟键盘输入不正确

比如 EditText 控件输入 yangx world

onView(withId(R.id.editText)).perform(typeText("yangx world"), ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard());

etName.getText()); 获取到的值不对, 且显示上看到也错的.

解决办法: 参考: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20436968/espresso-typetext-not-working

Looks like I figured out the issue. It had to do with hardware vs software keyboard.

For Emulators:

Go to Settings -> Language & Input -> switch the Default Input to Sample Soft Keyboard.

逍遥模拟器改成
For Phones:

Install a software keyboard from the Play store and switch to it. It appears that the native keyboards of some phones do not work.