云服务ubuntu安装nginx,一些小坑

apt install nginx

就安装好了，运行 nginx -v 显示版本号

删除 nginx 及相关的配置文件:

sudo apt --purge remove nginx

启动

sudo nginx

编辑默认路径

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
	listen 18088 default_server;
	listen [::]:18088 default_server;

	# SSL configuration
	#
	# listen 443 ssl default_server;
	# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
	#
	# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
	#
	# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
	#
	# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
	# Don't use them in a production server!
	#
	# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

	root /home/ubuntu/html;

	# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
	index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

	server_name _;

	location / {
		# First attempt to serve request as file, then
		# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}
	 location /images/ {
             autoindex on;
             alias   /home/ubuntu/html/;
         }
	# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
	#
	#location ~ \.php$ {
	#	include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
	#
	#	# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
	#	# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
	#}

	# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
	# concurs with nginx's one
	#
	#location ~ /\.ht {
	#	deny all;
	#}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#	listen 80;
#	listen [::]:80;
#
#	server_name example.com;
#
#	root /var/www/example.com;
#	index index.html;
#
#	location / {
#		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#	}
#}

sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user ubuntu;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
	worker_connections 768;
	# multi_accept on;
}

http {

	##
	# Basic Settings
	##
  server {
         listen       18088;
         listen       localhost:18088;
         server_name  localhost;
  
         location / {
             root   /home/ubuntu/html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
         }
	 location /images/ {
             alias   /home/ubuntu/html/;
         }
     } 
	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	tcp_nodelay on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;
	# server_tokens off;

	# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
	# server_name_in_redirect off;

	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;

	##
	# SSL Settings
	##

	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

	##
	# Logging Settings
	##

	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

	##
	# Gzip Settings
	##

	gzip on;

	# gzip_vary on;
	# gzip_proxied any;
	# gzip_comp_level 6;
	# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
	# gzip_http_version 1.1;
	# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

	##
	# Virtual Host Configs
	##

	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#	# See sample authentication script at:
#	# http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#	# auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#	# pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#	# imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:110;
#		protocol   pop3;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
# 
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:143;
#		protocol   imap;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
#}

开机自动运行

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

# Stop dance for nginx
# =======================
#
# ExecStop sends SIGSTOP (graceful stop) to the nginx process.
# If, after 5s (--retry QUIT/5) nginx is still running, systemd takes control
# and sends SIGTERM (fast shutdown) to the main process.
# After another 5s (TimeoutStopSec=5), and if nginx is alive, systemd sends
# SIGKILL to all the remaining processes in the process group (KillMode=mixed).
#
# nginx signals reference doc:
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
#
[Unit]
Description=A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Documentation=man:nginx(8)
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;' -s reload
ExecStop=-/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=mixed

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

第二步
设置开机自启动

systemctl enable nginx

关闭开机自动启动

systemctl disable nginx

服务相关命令
启动nginx服务

systemctl start nginx.service

停止服务

systemctl stop nginx.service

重新启动服务

systemctl restart nginx.service

查看所有已启动的服务

systemctl list-units --type=service

查看服务当前状态

systemctl status nginx.service

设置开机自启动

systemctl enable nginx.service

停止开机自启动

systemctl disable nginx.service

日志存放

/var/log/nginx/

但是配置完成后，打开网页提示404错误

于是查看nginx日志，路径为/var/log/nginx/error.log。打开日志发现报错Permission denied，详细报错如下

2021/11/21 19:57:23 [crit] 241788#241788: *1 stat() "/home/ubuntu/html/1.png" failed (13: Permission denied), client: 119.109.16.138, server: _, request: "GET /1.png HTTP/1.1", host: "su1.ltd:18088"
2021/11/21 19:57:23 [crit] 241788#241788: *1 stat() "/home/ubuntu/html/1.png" failed (13: Permission denied), client: 119.109.16.138, server: _, request: "GET /1.png HTTP/1.1", host: "su1.ltd:18088"

于启动用户和nginx工作用户不一致所致

1.1查看nginx的启动用户，发现是www-data，而我们的云服务ubuntu是用ubuntu 这个帐号启动的

命令：ps aux | grep "nginx: worker process" | awk'{print $1}'

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

把user 改为我们对应的，因为对应/home/ubuntu/html/文件夹对应的用户是ubuntu

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

云服务ubuntu安装nginx,一些小坑

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