hardhat使用命令:npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network XXXnet，既可以把合约部署到主网(mainnet)、测试网(ropsten、rinkey)，还可以部署到本地网络(ganache，hardhat-test)。比如，npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network ganache，就可以把合约部署到ganache，下面以onehat工程为例，将token.sol合约部署到ganache。
1、配置ganache
设置ganache的IP为127.0.0.1，端口为9545，然后重启ganache
2、修改hardhat.config.js
修改onehat/hardhat.config.js文件，添加 ganache网段和账户，如下所示。
//hardhat.config.js
/**
* @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig
*/
require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle");
//选取ganache下的4个账户的私钥
const PRIVATE_KEY1 = "0dab...4e1c";
const PRIVATE_KEY2 = "ff73...a9e6";
const PRIVATE_KEY3 = "d7b4...5c2d";
const PRIVATE_KEY4 = "28d8...7163";
module.exports = {
solidity: "0.6.12",
networks: {
ganache: {
url: `http://127.0.0.1:9545`,
accounts: [`0x${PRIVATE_KEY1}`,`0x${PRIVATE_KEY2}`,`0x${PRIVATE_KEY3}`,`0x${PRIVATE_KEY4}`]
},
// ropsten: {
// url: `https://eth-ropsten.alchemyapi.io/v2/${ALCHEMY_API_KEY}`,
// accounts: [`0x${ROPSTEN_PRIVATE_KEY}`]
// },
// rinkeby: {
// url: `https://eth-rinkeby.alchemyapi.io/v2/${ALCHEMY_API_KEY}`,
// accounts: [`0x${rinkeby_PRIVATE_KEY}`]
// },
}
};
3、部署合约
3.1 智能合约.sol
// onehat/contracts/Token.sol
//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
// This is the main building block for smart contracts.
contract Token {
// Some string type variables to identify the token.
// The `public` modifier makes a variable readable from outside the contract.
string public name = "My Hardhat Token";
string public symbol = "MBT";
// 固定发行量，保存在一个无符号整型里
uint256 public totalSupply = 1000000;
// An address type variable is used to store ethereum accounts.
address public owner;
// A mapping is a key/value map. Here we store each account balance.
mapping(address => uint256) balances;
/**
* 合约构造函数
*
* The `constructor` is executed only once when the contract is created.
*/
constructor() public {
// The totalSupply is assigned to transaction sender, which is the account
// that is deploying the contract.
balances[msg.sender] = totalSupply;
owner = msg.sender;
}
/**
* 代币转账.
*
* The `external` modifier makes a function *only* callable from outside
* the contract.
*/
function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external {
// Check if the transaction sender has enough tokens.
// If `require`'s first argument evaluates to `false` then the
// transaction will revert.
require(balances[msg.sender] >= amount, "Not enough tokens");
// Transfer the amount.
balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
balances[to] += amount;
}
/**
* 返回账号的代币余额，只读函数。
*
* The `view` modifier indicates that it doesn't modify the contract's
* state, which allows us to call it without executing a transaction.
*/
function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256) {
return balances[account];
}
}
3.2 部署脚本.js
// onehat/scripts/1_deploy_token.js
async function main() {
//使用hardhat.config.js network字段里指定的网段
//比如，npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network ganache，表示使用ganache网段
// npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network rinkeby，表示使用rinkeby网段
// npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network ropsten，表示使用ropsten网段
// ethers.getSigners是根据--network参数来获取对应的网段，
// 若没有填写--network,则使用hardhat自带的测试网络: hardhat-test
// 比如，npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js ，则表示使用 hardhat-test网段(端口为8545)
const [deployer] = await ethers.getSigners();
console.log("Deploying contracts with the account:", deployer.address);
console.log("Account balance:", (await deployer.getBalance()).toString());
const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
const token = await Token.deploy();
console.log("Token address:", token.address);
}
main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exit(1);
});
3.3 测试脚本.js
// onehat/test/token.js
// We import Chai to use its asserting functions here.
const {
BigNumber } = require("@ethersproject/bignumber");
const {
expect } = require("chai");
// `describe` is a Mocha function that allows you to organize your tests. It's
// not actually needed, but having your tests organized makes debugging them
// easier. All Mocha functions are available in the global scope.
// `describe` receives the name of a section of your test suite, and a callback.
// The callback must define the tests of that section. This callback can't be
// an async function.
describe("Token contract", function () {
// Mocha has four functions that let you hook into the the test runner's
// lifecyle. These are: `before`, `beforeEach`, `after`, `afterEach`.
// They're very useful to setup the environment for tests, and to clean it
// up after they run.
// A common pattern is to declare some variables, and assign them in the
// `before` and `beforeEach` callbacks.
let Token;
let hardhatToken;
let owner;
let addr1;
let addr2;
let addrs;
// `beforeEach` will run before each test, re-deploying the contract every
// time. It receives a callback, which can be async.
beforeEach(async function () {
// Get the ContractFactory and Signers here.
Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("Token");
[owner, addr1, addr2, ...addrs] = await ethers.getSigners();
// To deploy our contract, we just have to call Token.deploy() and await
// for it to be deployed(), which happens onces its transaction has been
// mined.
hardhatToken = await Token.deploy();
});
// You can nest describe calls to create subsections.
describe("Deployment", function () {
// `it` is another Mocha function. This is the one you use to define your
// tests. It receives the test name, and a callback function.
// If the callback function is async, Mocha will `await` it.
it("Should set the right owner", async function () {
// Expect receives a value, and wraps it in an Assertion object. These
// objects have a lot of utility methods to assert values.
// This test expects the owner variable stored in the contract to be equal
// to our Signer's owner.
expect(await hardhatToken.owner()).to.equal(owner.address);
});
it("Should assign the total supply of tokens to the owner", async function () {
const ownerBalance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(owner.address);
expect(await hardhatToken.totalSupply()).to.equal(ownerBalance);
});
});
describe("Transactions", function () {
it("Should transfer tokens between accounts", async function () {
// Transfer 50 tokens from owner to addr1
await hardhatToken.transfer(addr1.address, 50);
const addr1Balance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(addr1.address);
expect(addr1Balance).to.equal(50);
// Transfer 50 tokens from addr1 to addr2
// We use .connect(signer) to send a transaction from another account
await hardhatToken.connect(addr1).transfer(addr2.address, 50);
const addr2Balance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(addr2.address);
expect(addr2Balance).to.equal(50);
});
it("Should fail if sender doesn’t have enough tokens", async function () {
const initialOwnerBalance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(owner.address);
// Try to send 1 token from addr1 (0 tokens) to owner (1000 tokens).
// `require` will evaluate false and revert the transaction.
await expect(
hardhatToken.connect(addr1).transfer(owner.address, 1)
).to.be.revertedWith("Not enough tokens");
// Owner balance shouldn't have changed.
expect(await hardhatToken.balanceOf(owner.address)).to.equal(
initialOwnerBalance
);
});
it("Should update balances after transfers", async function () {
const initialOwnerBalance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(owner.address);
init1 = BigNumber.from(initialOwnerBalance);
init1 = init1.sub(150);
initiBalance = init1.toString();
// Transfer 100 tokens from owner to addr1.
await hardhatToken.transfer(addr1.address, 100);
// Transfer another 50 tokens from owner to addr2.
await hardhatToken.transfer(addr2.address, 50);
// Check balances.
const finalOwnerBalance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(owner.address);
final1 = BigNumber.from(finalOwnerBalance);
finalBalance = final1.toString();
expect(initiBalance).to.equal(finalBalance);
const addr1Balance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(addr1.address);
expect(addr1Balance).to.equal(100);
const addr2Balance = await hardhatToken.balanceOf(addr2.address);
expect(addr2Balance).to.equal(50);
});
});
});
3.4 部署到ganache
使用npx命令运行1_deploy_token.js脚本，即可在ganache里部署合约
## 进入工程目录
cd onehat
npx hardhat run scripts/1_deploy_token.js --network ganache
效果如下：
使用hardhat，部署token.sol合约到ganache网络(127.0.0.1:9545) 成功。
3.5 在ganache里测试合约
使用npx命令运行token.js脚本，即可在ganache里测试合约
npx hardhat test test/token.js --network ganache
4、 完整工程
onehat工程地址: onehat案例 提取码：y5t1