The most important thing in literary essays is the writing practice of literary essays. It requires the use of writing theory to guide specific composition. The author can continuously improve the ability of observing, analyzing things and refining themes, which can well reflect the author’s layout, expression and meaning. Ability to master language and good writing skills. Let's learn how to write abstracts of literary papers together.
Literary abstracts are also called summary and content summary. The abstract is a short essay for the purpose of providing a summary of the content of the document without comments and supplementary explanations, concisely and accurately describing the important content of the document. Its basic elements include research purposes, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of the research work, the methods and methods used, the results and important conclusions drawn, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value. The abstract should be independent and self-explanatory, and have the same amount of main information as the literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. The abstract does not allow for redundancy, so it needs to be scrutinized verbatim. The content must be complete, specific, and clear at a glance. Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, the needs of readers who cannot read Chinese should be taken into consideration, and the substantive content should not be omitted. For this reason, my country's scientific and technological journals have successively adopted structured abstracts in recent years, clearly writing out the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of four parts.
1. The purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the structured abstract
1. Objective: Concisely point out the purpose of this work and the scope of research.
2. Methods: Briefly explain the basic methods of the research topic, including the objects (grouping and the number of cases in each group, the number of control cases or the number of animals, etc.), materials and methods (including the dose of the drug used, the number of repetitions, etc.). Special statistical methods should be noted.
3. Results: Briefly list the main results (units need to be indicated), data, statistical significance (P value), etc., and explain their value and limitations.
4. Conclusion: A brief description of the correct viewpoint, theoretical significance or practical value, and promotion prospects obtained from the research results. Before the Chinese and English abstract, it is necessary to indicate the title in Chinese and English, the name of the author (up to 3) and the author's unit (zip code). The English abstract should be typed in alternate lines to facilitate revision.
2. Precautions for abstract writing
1. Contents that have become common sense in this subject area should be excluded from the abstract; content that should appear in the introduction should not be written into the abstract; generally, no interpretation and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation) should be avoided.
2. Do not simply repeat the information already in the title. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on the Rhizomes Occurrence of Several Chinese Orchid Seeds in Test Tube Culture", do not write at the beginning of the abstract: "In order to..., carry out research on the occurrence of rhizomes of several Chinese Orchid seeds in test tube culture. Research".
3. The structure is rigorous, the expression is concise, and the semantics are precise. What to write first and what to write later should be arranged in a logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Abstract Use long sentences with caution, and try to keep simple sentence patterns. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general, or ambiguous words, but the abstract is a complete short essay after all, and the telegram-style writing is not desirable. The abstract is not segmented.
4. Use the third person. It is recommended to use description methods such as "research on...", "report the current situation of...", "undertake...investigation" and other description methods to indicate the nature and subject of a document, and it is not necessary to use "this article", "author", etc. as the subject .
5. Use standardized terminology instead of uncommon symbols and terms. New terminology or if there is no suitable terminology in Chinese, the original text can be indicated in the original text or in parentheses after translation.
6. In addition to the fact that it is impossible to work around, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and illustrations and tables do not appear.
7. No citation is required unless the document confirms or denies the published work of others.
8. Abbreviations, abbreviations, and code names must be explained when they appear for the first time in addition to those that can be clearly understood by readers of adjacent majors. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific papers, such as the use of legal measurement units, the correct use of language and punctuation, etc., also apply to the compilation of abstracts. The main problems in the current abstract compilation are: lack of elements, lack of purpose, or lack of methods; the presence of citations, lack of independence and self-evidence; and improper complexity and simplicity.