In the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 inverse opal grade pore structure film materials, it is the first time that experiments and simulation calculations have confirmed that the slow photon effect in the liquid phase reaction has indeed greatly improved the photocatalytic performance. The slow photon effect in the liquid phase is also further improved in the ZnO inverse opal grade. It is confirmed in the study of the porous structure film. This important discovery has a wide range of potential applications in reducing the greenhouse effect, protecting the environment, and converting solar energy. The research on the slow photon effect of the 3DOM structure mainly takes the thin film sample as the research subject, because the thin film sample is easier to adjust the incident light angle. The effects of the composite structure of ZnO quantum dots and TiO2 inverse opal, and the composite structure of BiVO4 and TiO2 on the photocatalytic performance have been studied. However, the realization of slow photon effects in solid powdery three-dimensional ordered macroporous photonic crystals is still a troublesome study A problem for the readers. The fundamental reason is that during the liquid phase photocatalytic performance test of the solid powder, the orientation change caused by constant stirring will cause the slow photon effect to not continue to work. Therefore, this work started with the fine design of the 3DOM structure, and realized for the first time that the solid sample maintains isotropy during the photocatalytic process, thereby ensuring the continuous occurrence of the slow photon effect. The experiment not only verified the photocatalytic enhancement effect of the blue-edge slow photon effect, but also confirmed that the blue-edge slow photon effect has a better enhancement effect than the red-edge slow photon effect. This provides a basis for further improving the performance of the material through the fine design of the 3DOM structure.
The ternary gradient TiO2-Au-CdS photonic crystal powder material based on the three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) TiO2 framework, Au as the electron transport medium, and CdS as the active material for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light was designed for the first time. This gradient three-way photocatalyst is beneficial to simultaneously increase light absorption, extend the light response area and reduce the recombination rate of charge carriers. More importantly, it was found that the slow photons on the blue side have much higher photocatalytic activity than the red side. When the macroporous aperture of the ternary component photonic crystal structure is 250nm, along with the blue-edge slow photon effect, the utilization efficiency of incident photons is greatly improved, and the higher visible light H2 production rate is 3.50 mmol h−1 g−1 (CdS content is only about 20%).
Graphic guide
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of material synthesis
(a) Schematic diagram of 3DOM TAC preparation process;
(b) SEM image of 3DOM TiO2-250;
(c) SEM image of 3DOM TAC-250;
(d) 3DOM TAC simulation diagram of light reflection at different illumination angles;
Figure 2. XRD diagram
3DOM TAC XRD patterns of different large hole sizes;
Figure 3. SEM image of 3DOM TAC-250
(a) HAADF-STEM image
(b) HRTEM diagram and corresponding FFT diagram
(cf) EDX element distribution map
Figure 4. Reflectance spectrum study
(a) Reflectance spectra of 3DOM TiO2, 3DOM TiO2-Au, 3DOM TiO2 -Au-CdS with 340nm large pore size;
(b) 3DOM TAC reflectance spectra of different apertures;
(c) The reflectance spectrum of 3DOM TAC-250;
(d) The reflectance spectrum of 3DOM TAC-340 at different incident light angles;
Figure 5. Performance characterization
H2 production and (b) corresponding to the H2 yield of TAC without 3DOM under visible light and the H2 yield of the ternary gradient 3DOM TAC photocatalyst;
Figure 6. Reflectance spectrum
(a) Reflectance spectrum and (b) hydrogen production performance of 3DOM TAC-380, 3DOM TAC-410, 3DOM TAC-450;
Figure 7. PL spectrum characterization
(a,b) PL spectrum (c,d) the transient photocurrent of 3DOM TAC with different apertures;
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of slow photon effect
The schematic diagram of the slow photon effect illustrates the ternary gradient 3DOM TAC photonic crystal photocatalyst visible light hydrogen production mechanism;
A ternary gradient TiO2-Au-CdS photonic crystal based on a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) TiO2 framework, where Au is used as the electron transport medium and CdS is used as the active material for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. The gradient three-way photocatalyst is beneficial to simultaneously improve light absorption, reduce the problem of orientation change caused by stirring, broaden the light response range of the composite material, and reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated electron holes. In particular, the researchers achieved the slow photon effect by changing the aperture size to match the slow photon energy with the intrinsic absorption light energy of CdS. When the macroporous aperture is 250nm, the sample corresponds to the blue-edge slow photon effect, and the visible light produces hydrogen. The rate is 3.50 mmol h−1 g−1, which is higher than the red-edge slow photon effect.
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