The common mainstream distributions are shown in the following figure:
basically can be divided into three series: Redhat, Debian, Arch
And other self-contained distributions such as opensuse, slackware, gentoo.
Redhat
Redhat is literally translated into Red Hat in Chinese. The very famous Red Hat certification in Linux operation and maintenance is derived from this. Red Hat has three Linux distributions.
RHEL
The full name Redhat Enterprise Linux, as the name implies, this is a Linux system built for enterprises. It is characterized by stability and charges. It is very suitable for server use. Generally, the important servers of large enterprises use the rhel system. Rhel is probably the most classic Linux distribution. From people's point of view, rhel is equivalent to Liunx. As for the Red Hat certification of redhat, it is the certification with the highest gold content for operation and maintenance personnel. The package manager is rpm , and the front-end tool of the package manager is yum .
CeotOS
The full name is Community Enterprise Operating System, which is a community-maintained Linux system that is compiled from the source code released by Red Hat Enterprise Linux in accordance with open source regulations. Since it comes from the same source code, some servers that require high stability use CentOS instead of the commercial version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The difference between the two is that CentOS is completely open source and free.
Fedora
Fedora is developed by the Fedora Project community and sponsored by Red Hat. The goal is to create a new, versatile, free and open source operating system. For users, it is a free operating system with complete functions and fast updates. For sponsor Red Hat, it is a testing platform for many new technologies. Technologies considered available will eventually be added to Red Hat Enterprise. Linux. It can be said to be the test field of rhel.
Debian
Debian is a model of community-like Linux, and it is the Linux system that most follows the GNU specification so far. It provides nearly 100,000 different open source software support, which is used in foreign countries with a high degree of recognition and utilization. It has good support for various core architectures, strong stability and security, and free technical support. There are many distributions based on Debian, and this article only lists the most typical ones. The package management tools of the Debian series mainly include: dpkg, apt-get and aptitude .
Debian
Debian was first created by Ian Murdock in 1993 and is divided into three version branches: stable, testing and unstable. Among them, unstable is the latest test version, which includes the latest software packages, but also has relatively many bugs, suitable for desktop users. The testing version has been tested in unstable, relatively stable, and also supports many new technologies (such as SMP, etc.). While stable is generally only used for servers, most of the above software packages are relatively outdated, but the stability and security are very high. The most distinctive feature of Debian is the apt-get/dpkg package management method.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is the first Linux distribution that many beginners come into contact with in China, and its desktop version system is recommended by many Linux enthusiasts. She is enhanced based on the unstable version of Debian. It can be said that Ubuntu is a nearly perfect Linux desktop system with all the advantages of Debian and the advantages that it has enhanced. Depending on the desktop system you choose, there are three versions to choose from, Ubuntu based on Gnome, Kubuntu based on KDE, and Xubuntu based on Xfc. The characteristic is that the interface is very friendly, easy to use, and the hardware support is very comprehensive. It is a Linux distribution that is very suitable for desktop systems.
Linux Mint
Linux Mint was released by the Linux Mint Team in 2006. It is a Linux distribution based on Debian and Ubuntu. Its goal is to provide a more complete instantly usable experience, which includes providing browser plug-ins, multimedia codecs, support for DVD playback, Java and other components, it also adds a set of customized desktops and various menus, some Unique configuration tool, and a web-based software package installation interface. Linux Mint is a user-friendly and powerful operating system that ranks among the top three Linux distributions in the world. The operation is similar to windows, suitable for beginners to get started. The purpose of its birth is to provide a free, easy-to-use, comfortable and elegant desktop operating system for home users and businesses.
Deepin
Deepin is a Linux distribution developed by Wuhan Deepin Technology Co., Ltd. It was previously based on Ubuntu and now based on Debian. The new version is planned to be based on Debian10 Buster's stable. This is a very excellent domestic Linux operating system, ranked 10 to 20 in the world, with users all over the world, focusing on the ultimate user experience of daily office, learning, life and entertainment. It is suitable for notebooks, desktop computers and One machine. It contains all the applications you need, web browsers, slide presentations, document editing, spreadsheets, entertainment, sound and image processing software, instant messaging software, and more.
The biggest highlight of Deepin is undoubtedly the self-developed DDE desktop and localized domestic applications. DDE is currently recognized as the most beautiful desktop, but its stability is not as good as gnome, kde, xfce, mate and other old-brand desktops. DDE has also been added to internationally renowned Linux distributions such as manjaro and fedora. For domestic users, Deepin has localized a large number of applications that are not available on Linux, such as QQ, WeChat, Dingding, and Thunder. The way is through wine, but the experience is basically the same as that under Windows, and it can be used out of the box. .
Arch
Arch Linux is mainly composed of free and open source software and supports community participation. The system design takes the KISS principle (keep it simple and stupid) as the overall guiding principle, pays attention to the correctness, elegance and minimalism of the code, and expects users to be willing to understand the operation of the system. The Arch Linux project focuses on conciseness (for developers), and its contribution is to provide a well-annotated configuration file for the components of the distribution, rather than a configuration tool with a graphical interface. This has also won him the title of a distro suitable for "intermediate and advanced Linux users who are not afraid of the command line". The package manager for the Arch Linux system to install, delete and update software is called pacman .
Arch Linux
Arch Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution that originated in Canada and is committed to simple use, lightweight system, and fast software updates. Founder Judd Vinet was founded out of dissatisfaction with Debian and Red Hat's package managers, and under the influence of CRUX. Google's Android system is Arch Linux based on the ARM architecture, abbreviated as AArch Linux, which is an execution state of the ARMv8 architecture. Simply put, due to Andorid's special needs, this lightweight linux system came into being, and it can also be embedded in other devices. A lot less than Arch Linux, no gcc, no bash.
Manjaro
Manjaro is currently the number one Linux distribution in the world. It is an Arch-based Linux distribution. Because of Arch’s comprehensive Wiki documentation (you can even understand the full picture of Linux through Arch Wiki, which is also helpful for using other distributions), Powerful rolling updates (avoid cumbersome system upgrades, and at the same time, updated versions of software usually bring higher security), free user communities (communities are very free and active, and self-compilation and maintenance of AUR by users is also very powerful) and It has extremely strong playability, while Manjaro's ease of use and durability also make it really suitable as a desktop Linux system. In the Manjaro community, you can find Manjaro desktop version based on kde, gnome, xfce and even deepin desktop. Coupled with pacman's powerful software package management, Manjaro has the most software and the most convenient software installation. It is truly versatile. Type player.
Other distributions
openSUSE
openSUSE originated in Germany, the project is an open source community project initiated by Novell. Aimed at promoting the widespread use of Linux, it provides a free and simple way to obtain one of the best Linux distributions in the world: openSUSE. The openSUSE project provides Linux developers and enthusiasts with everything they need to start using Linux. The project is sponsored by companies such as SUSE. In 2011, Attachmate Group acquired Novell and operated Novell and SUSE as two independent subsidiaries. The openSUSE operating system and related open source programs will be used by SUSE Linux Enterprise (such as SLES and SLED). openSUSE is completely free for individuals, including use and online updates. At present, many companies use openSUSE on the server side, and there are many openSUSE enthusiasts on the personal computer side.
Slackware
Slackware Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution developed by Patrick Volkerding. Unlike many other distributions, it adheres to the KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) principle. In the beginning, there will be some difficulties in configuring the system, but more experienced users will appreciate the transparency and flexibility of this approach. Many of Slackware's features embody the KISS principle. The most famous examples are textual system configuration that does not rely on graphical interfaces, traditional service management methods, and package management that does not resolve dependencies. Due to the unfriendly Chinese support and a series of other reasons, slackware has long been cold in China.
Gentoo
Gentoo is a free operating system based on Linux, which can automatically optimize and customize for almost any application or requirement. The pursuit of extreme configuration, performance, and a top user and developer community are the hallmarks of the Gentoo experience. Gentoo's philosophy is freedom and choice. Unlike most GNU/Linux distributions, Gentoo Linux provides users with a large amount of application source code. Every part of Gentoo Linux can be recompiled and built on the end user's system, even including the most basic system libraries and the compiler itself. Providing software in the form of dependency description and source code mirroring, Gentoo Linux provides a large number of software for users to choose from.